SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST.
lv
Approximate Pronunciation of the Roman Letters as representing the Sanskrit Alphabet.
Vowels. | |||
a | | अ | as in sam |
â | आ | as in„ psalm | |
i | इ | as in„ knit | |
î | ई | as in„ neat | |
ri | ऋ | as in„ fiery | |
rî | ॠ | as in„ — | |
li | ऌ | as in„ friendly | |
lî | ॡ | as in„ — | |
u | उ | as in„ full | |
û | ऊ | as in„ fool | |
e | ए | as in„ date | |
ai | ऐ | as in„ aisle | |
o | ओ | as in„ note | |
au | औ | as in„ proud | |
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Consonants. | |||
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Gutturals. | |||
k | क | as in kite | |
kh | ख | as in„ inkhorn | |
g | ग | as in„ gate | |
gh | घ | as in„ springhead | |
ṅ (ng) | ङ | as in„ sing | |
h | ह | as in„ hear | |
Palatals. | |||
k | च | as in church | |
kh | छ | as in„ church-history | |
g | ज | as in„ jolly | |
gh | झ | as in„ bridge-house |
ñ | ञ | as in new | |
y | य | as in„ yet | |
s | श | as in„ sharp | |
Dentals. | |||
t | त | as in tin (tip of the tongue striking the bone of the teeth) | |
th | थ | as in„ lanthorn | |
d | द | as in„ din | |
dh | ध | as in„ landholder | |
n | न | as in„ nay | |
l | ल | as in„ let | |
l | ळ | as in„ — | |
s | स | as in„ grass | |
Linguals. | |||
t | ट | as in town (tip of the tongue striking alveolar region) | |
th | ठ | as in„ outhouse | |
d | ड | as in„ done | |
dh | ढ | as in„ rodhook | |
n | ण | as in„ no | |
r | र | as in„ red | |
sh | ष | as in„ shun | |
Labials. | |||
p | प | as in pan | |
ph | फ | as in„ topheavy | |
b | ब | as in„ bed | |
bh | भ | as in„ clubhouse | |
m | म | as in„ mill | |
v | व | as in„ live | |
m | मं | as in„ Anusvâra (slight nasal) | |
h | णः | as in„ Visarga (slight breathing) |
Proper names have frequently been left in their ordinary spelling, e.g. Râjendra, instead of Râgendra. In words which have almost become English, the diacritical marks have often been omitted, e.g. Rig-veda, instead of Rig-veda; Brahman, instead of Brâhmana; Confucius, Zoroaster, Koran, &c.