Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/162

From Wikisource
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This page has been proofread, but needs to be validated.
Plural:
N. V. सेनास्
sénās
कन्यास्
kanyā̀s
देव्यस्
devyàs
वध्वस्
vadhvàs
A. सेनास्
sénās
कन्यास्
kanyā̀s
देवीस्
devī́s
वधूस्
vadhū́s
I. सेनाभिस्
sénābhis
कन्याभिस्
kanyā̀bhis
देवीभिस्
devī́bhis
वधूभिस्
vadhū́bhis
D. Ab. सेनाभ्यस्
sénābhyas
कन्याभ्यस्
kanyā̀bhyas
देवीभ्यस्
devī́bhyas
वधूभ्यस्
vadhū́bhyas
G. सेनानाम्
sénānām
कन्यानाम्
kanyā̀nām
देवीनाम्
devī́nām
वधूनाम्
vadhū́nām
L. सेनासु
sénāsu
कन्यासु
kanyā̀su
देवीषु
devī́ṣu
वधूषु
vadhū́ṣu

a. In the Veda vadhū́ is a stem belonging to the other division (like tanū́, above, 356).

365. Examples of Vedic forms are:

a. ā-stems: instr. sing. manīṣā́ (this simpler form is especially common from stems in and ); nom. pl. vaçā́sas (about twenty examples); accus. pl. araṁgamā́sas (a case or two). Half the bhyas-cases are to be read as bhias; the ām of gen. pl. is a few times to be resolved into aam; and the ā and ām of nom. and accus. sing. are, very rarely, to be treated in the same manner.

b. ī-stems: instr. sing. çámī, çámi; loc. gaurī́; nom. etc. du. devī́; nom. pl. devī́s; gen. pl. bahvīnā́m. The final of the stem is to be read as a vowel (not y) frequently, but not in the majority of instances: thus, deviā́, deviā́s, deviā́m, ródasios.

c. The sporadic instances of transfer between this division and the preceding have been already sufficiently noticed.

d. Of the regular substitution made in the Brāhmaṇa language (307 g, 336 g, 363 c) of the dat. sing. ending āi for the gen.-abl. ending ās, in all classes of words admitting the latter ending, a few examples may be given here: abhibhūtyāi rūpam (AB.) a sign of overpowering; triṣṭubhaç ca jagatyāi ca (AB.) of the metres triṣṭubh and jagati; vāco dāivyāi ca mānuṣyāi ca (AA.) of speech, both divine and human; striyāi payaḥ (AB.) woman's milk; dhenvāí vā́ etád rétaḥ (TB.) that, forsooth, is the seed of the cow; jīrṇāyāi tvacaḥ (KB.) of dead skin; jyāyasī yājyāyāi (AB.) superior to the yājyā; asyāi divo ‘smād antarikṣāt (ÇÇS.) from this heaven, from this atmosphere. The same substitution is made once in the AV.: thus, svápantv asyāi jñātáyaḥ let her relatives sleep.