3. Present Optative.
616. The personal endings combined with the mode-signs of this mode (या yā in act., ई ī in mid.) have been given in full above (566). The stem-form is the unaccented and unstrengthened root.
| active. | middle. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s. | d. | p. | s. | d. | p. | |
| 1 | इयाम् iyā́m |
इयाव iyā́va |
इयाम iyā́ma |
आसीय ā́sīya |
आसीवहि ā́sīvahi |
आसीमहि ā́sīmahi |
| 2 | इयास् iyā́s |
इयातम् iyā́tam |
इयात iyā́ta |
आसीथास् ā́sīthās |
आसीयाथाम् ā́sīyāthām |
आसीध्वम् ā́sīdhvam |
| 3 | इयात् iyā́t |
इयाताम् iyā́tām |
इयुस् iyús |
आसीत ā́sīta |
आसीयाताम् ā́sīyātām |
आसीरन् ā́sīran |
a. In the same manner, from √dviṣ, dviṣyā́m and dviṣīyá; from √duh, duhyā́m and duhīyá; from √lih, lihyā́m and lihīyá. The inflection is so regular that the example above given is enough, with the addition of dviṣīyá, to show the normal accentuation in the middle: thus, sing. dviṣīyá, dviṣīthā́s, dviṣītá; du. dviṣīváhi, dviṣīyā́thām, dviṣīyā́tām; pl. dviṣīmáhi, dviṣīdhvám, dviṣīrán.
b. The RV. has once tana in 2d pl. act. (in syātana).
4. Present Imperative.
617. The imperative adds, in second and third persons, its own endings (with अताम् atām in 3d pl. mid.) directly to the root-stem. The stem is accented and strengthened in 3d sing. act.; elsewhere, the accent is on the ending and the root remains unchanged. The first persons, so called, of the later language are from the old subjunctive, and have its strengthened stem and accent; they are repeated here from where they were given above (614 a). In the 2d sing. act., the ending is regularly (as in the two following classes) धि dhi if the root end with a consonant, and हि hi if it end with a vowel. As examples we take the roots already used for the purpose.
