5. Present Participle
741. The endings अन्त् ant and मान māna are added to the present-stem, with loss, before the former, of the final stem-vowel: thus, act. भवन्त् bhávant (fem. भवन्ती bhávantī); mid. भवमान bhávamāna.
a. A small number of middle participles appear to be made from stems of this class (as of other a-classes: see 752 e, 1043 f) by the suffix āna instead of māna: thus, namāna, pacāna, çikṣāṇa, svajāna, hvayāna (all epic), majjāna and kaṣāṇa (later); and there are Vedic examples (as cyávāna, prathāná, yátāna or yatāná, çúmbhāna, all RV.) of which the character, whether present or aorist, is doubtful: compare 840, 852.
6. Imperfect.
742. An example of the imperfect inflection is:
| active. | middle. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s. | d. | p. | s. | d. | p. |
| अभवम् ábhavam |
अभवाव ábhavāva |
अभवाम ábhavāma |
अभवे ábhave |
अभवावहि ábhavāvahi |
अभवामहि ábhavāmahi |
| अभवस् ábhavas |
अभवतम् ábhavatam |
अभवत ábhavata |
अभवथास् ábhavathās |
अभवेथाम् ábhavethām |
अभवध्वम् ábhavadhvam |
| अभवत् ábhavat |
अभवताम् ábhavatām |
अभवन् ábhavan |
अभवत ábhavata |
अभवेताम् ábhavetām |
अभवन्त ábhavanta |
743. No forms in tana are made in this tense from any a-class. Examples of augmentless forms (which are not uncommon) are: cyávam, ávas, dáhas, bódhat, bhárat, cáran, náçan; bādhathās, várdhata, çócanta. The subjunctively used forms of 2d and 3d sing. act. are more frequent than those of either of the proper subjunctive persons.
744. A far larger number of roots form their present-system according to the a-class than according to any of the other classes: in the RV., they are about two hundred and forty (nearly two fifths of the whole body of roots); in the AV., about two hundred (nearly the same proportion); for the whole language, the proportion is still larger, or nearly one half the whole number of present-stems: namely, over two hundred in both earlier and later language, one hundred and seventy-five in the older alone, nearly a hundred and fifty in the later alone. Among these are not a few transfers from the classes of the first conjugation: see those classes above. There are no roots ending in long ā — except a few which make an a-stem in some anomalous way: below, 749 a.
