asvani, avadhi, also araci; and there are noted besides, from roots sometimes showing a nasal, adaṅçi, arambhi, arandhi, ajambhi, abhañji or abhāji, alambhi (always, with prepositions) or alābhi, astambhi; ÇB. has asañji.
c. Augmentless forms, as in all other like cases, are met with, with either indicative or subjunctive value: examples (besides the two or three already given) are: dhā́yi, çrā́vi, bhāri, reci, védi, roci, jáni, pā́di, sā́di, ardhi. The accent, when present, is always on the root-syllable (SV. dhāyí is doubtless a false reading).
845. These forms are made in RV. from forty roots, and all the other earlier texts combined add only about twenty to the number; from the later language are quotable thirty or forty more; in the epics they are nearly unknown. When they come from roots of neuter meaning, as gam, pad, sad, bhrāj, rādh, ruc, sañj, they have (like the so-called passive participle in ta: 952) a value equivalent to that of other middle forms; in a case or two (RV. vii. 73. 3 [?]; VS. xxviii. 15; TB. ii. 6. 10²) they appear even to be used transitively.
2. The a-aorist.
846. a. This aorist is in the later language allowed to be made from a large number of roots (near a hundred). It is made in both voices, but is rare in the middle, most of the roots forming their middle according to the s-class (878 ff.) or the iṣ-class (898 ff.).
b. Its closest analogy is with the imperfect of the á-class (751 ff.); its inflection is the same with that in all particulars; and it takes in general a weak form of root — save the roots in ऋ ṛ (three or four only), which have the guṇa-strengthening.
c. As example of inflection may be taken the root सिच् sic pour. Thus:
| active. | middle. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s. | d. | p. | s. | d. | p. | |
| 1 | असिचम् ásicam |
असिचाव ásicāva |
असिचाम ásicāma |
असिचे ásice |
असिचावहि ásicāvahi |
असिचामहि ásicāmahi |
| 2 | असिचस् ásicas |
असिचतम् ásicatam |
असिचत ásicata |
असिचथास् ásicathās |
असिचेथाम् ásicethām |
असिचध्वम् asicadhvam |
| 3 | असिचत् ásicat |
असिचताम् ásicatām |
असिचन् ásican |
असिचत ásicata |
असिचेताम् ásicetām |
असिचन्त ásicanta |
