Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/349

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900. a. Of exceptions may be noted: √mṛj has (as elsewhere: 627) vṛddhi instead of guṇa: thus, amārjiṣam; √stṛ has astarīs, and √çṛ has açarīt (also açarāit in AV.), with guṇa in active.

b. The root grabh or grah has (as in future etc., below, 936 e, 956) long ī instead of i before the sibilant: thus, agrabhīṣma, agrahīṣṭa, agrabhīṣata. The roots in changeable (so-called roots in : 242), and √vṛ are said by the grammarians to do the same optionally; but no forms with long ī from such roots have been found quotable. A Sūtra (PGS.) has once anayīṣṭa from √ (doubtless a false reading).

901. The endings are as in the preceding formation (उस् us and अत ata in 3d pl.). But in 2d and 3d sing., the combinations iṣ-s and iṣ-t are from the earliest period of the language contracted into ईस् īs and ईत् īt.

a. The 2d pl. mid. should end always in iḍhvam (or iḍḍhvam, from iṣ-dhvam: 226); and this is in fact the form in the only examples quotable, namely ajaniḍhvam, artiḍhvam, āindhiḍhvam, vepiḍhvam; as to the rules of the native grammarians respecting the matter, see 226 c.

902. As examples of the inflection of the iṣ-aorist may be taken the roots पू cleanse, and बुध् budh wake. Thus:

active. middle.
s. d. p. s. d. p.
1 अपाविषम्
ápāviṣam
अपाविष्व
ápāviṣva
अपाविष्म
ápāviṣma
अपविषि
ápaviṣi
अपविष्वहि
ápaviṣvahi
अपविष्महि
ápaviṣmahi
2 अपावीस्
ápāvīs
अपाविष्टम्
ápāviṣṭam
अपाविष्ट
ápāviṣṭa
अपविष्ठास्
ápaviṣṭhās
अपविषाथाम्
ápaviṣāthām
अपविढ्वम्
ápaviḍhvam
3 अपावीत्
ápāvīt
अपाविष्टाम्
ápāviṣṭām
अपाविषुस्
ápāviṣus
अपविष्ट
ápaviṣṭa
अपविषाताम्
ápaviṣātām
अपविषत
ápaviṣata
1 अबोधिषम्
ábodhiṣam
अबोधिष्व
ábodhiṣva
अबोधिष्म
ábodhiṣma
अबोधिषि
ábodhiṣi
अबोधिष्वहि
ábodhiṣvahi
अबोधिष्महि
ábodhiṣmahi
etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc.

903. The number of roots from which forms of this aorist have been noted in the older language is nearly a hundred and fifty (in RV., about eighty; in AV., more than thirty, of which a dozen are additional to those in RV.) ; the later texts add less than twenty. Among these are no roots in ā; but otherwise they are of every variety of form (rarest in final i and ī). Active and middle persons are freely made, but sparingly from the same root; only about fifteen