70 Southern Historical Society Papers.
Alabama and in Tennessee — in the latter State under the energetic supervision of its Ordnance Department. An adequate supply of sulphur was found in New Orleans, where large quantities were in store to be used in sugar-refining. The entire stock was secured, amounting to some four or five hundred tons.
The erection of a large powder-mill was early pressed by Presi- dent Davis, and about the middle of June, 1861, he directed me to detail an ofiicer to select a site and begin the work. The day after this order was given Colonel G W. Rains, a graduate of West Point, in every way qualified for this service, arrived in Richmond, through the blockade, and at once set out under written instructions from me to carry out the President's wishes. He, however, went first to East Tennessee to supervise and systematize the operations of two small private mills, which were then at work for the State of Tennessee.
Thus, in respect to powder and our means of making it, we had, perhaps, at this time (June ist, 1861,) 250.000 pounds, chiefly can- non, at Norfolk and in Georgia, and as much more nitre (mainly im- ported by the State of Georgia). We had no powder-mills, except the two rude ones just referred to, and no experience in making pow- der or in getting nitre. All had to be learned.
As to a further supply of arms, steps had been taken by the Presi- dent to import these and other ordnance stores from Europe ; and Major Caleb Huse, a graduate of West Point, and at that moment professor in the University of Alabama, was selected to go abroad and secure them. He left Montgomery under instructions early in April, with a credit of ^^10,000 ( ! ) from Mr. Memminger. The ap- pointment proved a happy one ; for he succeeded, with a very little money, in buying a good supply, and in running the Ordnance De- partment into debt for nearly half a million sterling — the very best proof of his fitness for his place, and of a financial ability which sup- plemented the narrowness of Mr. Memminger's purse.
Before this, and immediately upon the formation of the Confederate Government, Admiral Semmes had been sent to the North by Presi- dent Davis as purchasing agent of arms and other ordnance stores, and succeeded in making contracts for, and purchases of, powder, percussion caps, cap machinery (never delivered), revolvers, &c. He also procured drawings for a bullet-pressing machine, and other valuable information.
The sets of machinery for making the rifle with sword bayonet, and the rifle-musket model of 1855, had been seized at Harper's Ferry by the State of Virginia. That for the rifle-musket was being
