194 Southern Historical Society Papers.
ney Johnson, Robert E. Lee, Joseph E. Johnston and G. T. Beau- regard. In March, 1863, he was assigned to the command of the Southwest, including the forces of Generals Bragg, Kirby Smith and Pemberton. In May, 1863, General Grant crossed the Mississippi river to attack Vicksburg in the rear, and General Johnston was ordered to take command of all the Confederate forces in Mississippi. Straight- way he endeavored to withdraw Pemberton from Vicksburg and re- inforce him from Bragg' s army, but his plan miscarried by reason of Pemberton's failure to obey his orders, and Vicksburg capitulated to Grant. In December, 1863, he was transferred to the command of the Army of Tennessee, with headquarters at Dalton, Ga. During the winter of 1863-' 64 he energetically engaged in organizing and disciplining this force, which had been beaten and broken at the bat- tle of Missionary Ridge November, 1863. Shortly thereafter, by May, 1864, he had collected and mobilized forty-three thousand men of all arms, and was subsequently reinforced by General Polk's and other forces, which increased his army to about sixty thousand. May 14, 1864, General Sherman advanced on General Johnston's position at Dalton, Ga., with the combined forces of three Federal armies the Cumberland, under General George H. Thomas ; Ten- nessee, under General James B. McPherson, and the Ohio, under General John Schofield aggregating ninety-nine thousand strong, with two hundred and fifty-four guns. And thus was inaugurated one of the most memorable campaigns of the war one that lasted more than two months with daily fighting of some character.
Sherman did not attack Johnston's position at Dalton in force, but making slight demonstrasions at Mill Creek Gap, flanked it by send- ing McPherson's corps through Snake Gap with a view of striking his rear at Resacca. But there he found a portion of Johnston's army in an entrenched position, and attacking which with a portion of his command, was repulsed with severe loss. Johnston retired across the Oostenaula successfully to Kingston, Adairsville, Cass- ville, and thence across the Etowah river to Alatoona Pass. Being flanked by Sherman he retired to a position near New Hope Church, where he was again fiercely attacked by a portion of Sherman's army, which was repulsed. At Dallas, near New Hope Church, Sher- man again assailed Johnston with the same result. Being flanked in this position, Johnston retired and took a strong position on Kenne- saw Mountain, a portion of which line Sherman assaulted with force on June 27th, but was repulsed with greater loss than in any battle during the campaign. Thus failing to dislodge Johnston by direct at-
