POPULATION.
407
Area and Population — continued.
Provinces
Area in Eng- lish sq. miles
Population in 1846
Population in 1860
Brought foru
Catalonia — Barcelona . Tarragona Lerida G-erona
Total Aragon — Zaragoza Huesca Teruel .
Total Navarre
Total Guipuscoa — Alva Biscay Guipuscoa
Total Islands — Balearic Islands . Canary Islands
Total
ard .
- ]
• i
145,454 12,180
9,458,342 f 442,473 1 233,477 j 151,322 [ 214,150
12,563,927 713,734 320,593 306,994 310,970
157,634 14,726
10,499,764 f 304,823 •{ 214,874 [ 214,988
14,216,218 384,176 257,839
238,628
172,360 2,450
11,234,449 221,728
15,096,861
297,422
174,810
1,082
1,267
622
11,456,177
67,523
111,436
104,491
15,394,283
96,398
160,579
156,493
177,781 1,757 3,220
11,739,627 229,197 199,950
15,807,753 266,952 227,145
182,758
12,168,774
16,301,851
It has been calculated that about the time of Julius Ca?sar, Spain must have contained 78,000,000 inhabitants, and yet in 1688 it did not possess more than 8,000,000. But from that time forward there was a temporary increase ; in 1768 the population had risen to 9,307,800 souls; in 1789 to 10,061,480; and in 1797 it ex- ceeded 12,000,000 souls. In 1820 it had fallen to 11,000,000, or thereabouts; but in 1823 it had again risen to 12,000,000, and in 1828 to 13,698,029. Nevertheless, the official return of 1837 only re- gistered 12,222,872 souls, and a newtendency to decrease commenced. In 1842 the population was found not to exceed 12,054,000 souls. It rose again, as shown in the preceding table, to 12,168,774 in 1846, and to 16,301,851 in 1860, giving a density of population, at the latter period, of 90 per English square mile, or considerably less than half that of Italy, and less than one-third that of the Netherlands.
The population of Spain in 1866 was estimated at 16,516,949. In that year the births were in the ratio of 3"73 per cent, of the population, being rather below the average of the six years, 1861- 1866, which was 3 - 759 per cent. This was a higher birth-rate than that of the United Kingdom in 1866, which was 3-548 ; and much higher than that of France, which was only 2-612 ; but it was below
