1-44
SWITZERLAND.
Cantons
Year
Revenue
Expenditure
Debt
Franca
Francs
Francs
Bern ....
1867
5,663,681
6,182,055
68,620,474
Zurich ....
1867
3,382,000
3,537,400
—
Vaud (Waadt) .
1866
3,550,111
3,427,997
3,219.592
Aargau
1867
2,016,685
2,581,685
1,000,000
St. Gall
1866
1.635,713
1,668,415
9,093,700
Luzern
1867
966,048
1,174,654
1,871,220
Tessin (Ticino) .
1866
1,447,983
1,610,658
6,341,916
Fribourg
1865
4,273,043
4,602,900
41,091,320
Graubiiuden (Grisons) .
1866
1,008,960
997,245
4,725,598
Wallis (Valais) .
1S67
680,230
638,077
2,668.819
Thurgau
1867
978,755
968,267
1,042,343
Basel — Town
1865
1,205,988
1,529,373
5,987,885
„ Country .
1867
550,633
530,178
824,000
Geneve (Genf)
1866
3,430,440
3,565,609
19,993,000
Neuchatel (Neuenburg)
1866
1,249,194
1,253,095
3,621,000.
Solotliurn (Soleure)
1866
1,143,342
1,229,376
1,584,942
Appenzel — Interior
1866
183,620
180,475
—
„ Exterior
1866
252,837
252,837
38,000
Glarus ....
1867
435,145
436,708
3,311,525
Schaffhausen
1868
334,000
334,000
—
Schwyz
1866
283,927
307,751
821,349
Unterwald — Upper
1866
94,064
99,081
31,561
„ Lower
1866
112,275
90,372
71,147
Uri .
1865
248,114
251,777
810,276
Zug . . . .
Total .
1866
155,421
126,425
187,240
| 35,330,209
37,707,410
132,020,226
£1,413,208
1,508,296
5,280,809
The chief income of the cantonal administrations is derived from a single direct tax on income, amounting, in most cantons, to li per cent, on every 1,000 francs property. In some cantons the local revenue is raised, in part, by the sale of excise licenses. In Bern they form one-fifth of the total receipts ; in Luzern, one-seventh ; in Uri, one-tenth ; in Upper Unterwald, one-eighth ; in Solothurn, one- sixth ; and in the canton of Tessin one-fourteenth of the total revenue.
Army.
The thirteenth article of the Constitution of September 12, 1848, forbids the maintenance of a standing army within the limits of the Confederation. To provide for the defence of the country, every citizen has to bear arms, in the management of which the children are instructed at school, from the age of eight, passing through annual exercises and reviews. Such military instruction is volun-
