CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT. 647
Spencer, 1765; Lord Clive, 1765; Mr. Verelst, 1767; Mr. Car- tier, 1769; Mr. Warren Hastings, 1772 ; Sir J. M'Pherson, 1785 ; Earl (Marquis) Cornwallis, 1786 ; Lord Teignmouth (Sir J. Shore), 1793; the Earl of Momington (Marquis Wellesley), 1798; the Marquis Cornwallis, 1805 ; Sir G. Barlow, 1805 ; the Earl of Minto, 1807 ; Earl Moira (Marquis of Hastings), 1813 ; Earl Amherst, 1823; Lord W. Bentinck r 1828; Lord Auckland, 1835; Lord Ellenborough, 1842 ; Sir H. (Lord) Hardinge, 1844 ; Earl (Marquis of) Dalhousie, 1847 ; Lord Canning, 1855 ; Lord Elgin, 1862; Sir John Lawrence, 1863; Karl of Mayo, 1868.
The administration of the Indian empire is entrusted by the charter of August 2, 1858, to a Secretary of State for India, aided by a Council of fifteen members, of whom seven are elected by the Court of Directors from their own body, and eight are nominated by the Crown. Vacancies in the Council, if among those nominated, are filled up by Her Majesty, and if among the elected, by an election by the other members of the Council ; but the major part of the Council must be of persons who have served or resided ten years in India, and not have left India more than ten years, previous to the date of their appointment ; and no person not so qualified can be elected or appointed, unless nine of the continuing members be so qualified. The office is held during good behaviour : but a member may be removed upon an address from both Houses of Parliament. No member is to sit or vote in Parliament. The salary of each is fixed at 1,200/. a-year, payable, together with that of the Secretary of State, out of the revenues of India.
The duties of the Council of State are, under the direction of the Secretary of State, to conduct the business transacted in the United Kingdom in relation to the government of and the correspondence with India ; but every order sent to India must be signed by the secretary, and all despatches from governments and presidencies in India must be addressed to the secretary. The secretary has to divide the Council into committees, to direct what departments shall be under such committees respectively, and to regulate the transaction of business. The secretary is to be president of the Council, and has to appoint from time to time a vice-president. The meetings of the Council are to be held when and as th^ secretary shall direct ; biit at least one meeting must be held every week, at which not less than five members shall be present.
The Government in India is exercised by the ' Council of the Governor-General,' consisting of five ordinary and one or two extra- ordinary members, the latter being the commander-in-chief and the governor of the presidency where the Council may be sitting. The ministry, divided into the departments of foreign affairs, finances, the interior, military administration, and public works, do not form
