688
GERMAN EMPIRE : — WURTTEMBERG
The emigration from Wiirttemberg, chiefly to the United States of America, was as follows for eight years: —
1890
1891 6,182
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
5,987
5,728
5,401
2,343
2,398
2,121
1,401
The population in 1895 of the largest towns was as follows : —
Stuttgart
158,321
Ludwigsburg
19,311
Ulm
39,304
Gmiind
17,282
Heilbronn
33,461
Gcippingen
16,183
Esslingen
24,031
Tubingen
13,976
Cannstatt
22,590
Ravensburg
12,694
Reutlingen
19,822
Tuttlingen
11,672
Religion.
The various creeds were distributed as follows at the last religious census, 1895 :—
Creed
Numbers
Per Cent, of Population
Evangelicals
Roman Catholics
Other Christians
Jews .....
Others ....
1,440,240
621,474
7,451
11,887
99
69-2
29-9 0-36 0-57 0-004
The administration of the Evangelical Church is in the hands of a con- sistorium of one president, nine councillors, and six general superintendents, at Ludwigsburg, Heilbronn, Reutlingen, Tiibingen, Hall, and Ulm. In the king is vested, according to the Constitution, the supreme direction as well as the guardianship — ' obersthoheitliche Scliutz und Aufsichtsrecht ' — of the Evangelical Protestant Church. The Roman Catholics, most numerous in the southern part of the Kingdom, comprising the circle of the Danube, are under a bishop, who has his seat at Rottenburg, but who, in all important matters, has to act in conjunction with a Catholic church-council — Kirchenrath — ap- pointed by the Government. The Jews likewise are under a special council (Oberkirchenbehorde), nominated by the king on the proposition of the Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs.
Instruction.
Education is compulsory in Wiirttemberg, and there must be one public school or more in every commune. According to recent official returns, there is not an individual in the kingdom, above the age of ten, unable to read and write. There are 2,319 elementaiy public schools with (1897) 4,793 teachers, attendedby 297,568 pupils ; 83 Realschulen with 9,307 pupils; 67 grammar schools ; 19 classical colleges (gymnasia), of which 4 are training colleges for the Protestant clergy, and 6 lyceums, having (1897) together 8,386 scliolars. The whole educational system is completed by the University of Tiibingen (founded in 1477). There are, besides, the Technical University (Polytech- nicum) at Stuttgart, and several agricultural and other special institutes. The funds appropriated by the State to educational puq^oses amounted in 1895-96 to 6*6 million marks, not including the sums bestowed on public schools by the parishes or out of the revenue of foundations.
