1082
TURKEY AND TRIBUTARY STATES
20,000,000 piastres (166, 000?. )• The expenses are reckoned at 15,000,000 piastres (125,000Z.), The stipend of the sheik-ul-Islam 7,031,520 piastres (59,000/.), and those of the Naibs and Muftis 7,876,646 piastres (66,000/.), are paid by the State. The principal revenues of the Evkaf are derived from the sale of landed property which has been bequeathed it, and which is known under the name of Vacouf. Three-fourths of the urban property of the Empire is supposed to belong to the Vacouf. Purchasers of property of this description pay a nominal annual rent to the Evkaf; but should they die without direct heirs the projierty reverts to the Church.
Finance.
A general view of the various sources of the public revenue of Turkey and of the branches of expenditure is given in the following tables, in which the average revenue and expenditure (including supplementary credits) for the years 1308-1310 (1892-93 to 1894-95) are shown, together with the oflEicial estimates for the year 1313 (ending February 28, 1898) : —
Sources of Revenue.
Average.
1897-98
Direct :
£T
£T
Tithes
4,332,338
4,100,000
Verghis (land and property tax)
2,511,924
2,511,924
Temettu (income tax) ,
742,135
500,000
Exemption from military service .
886,210
886,210
Aghnams (tax on sheep, &c. )
1,737,849
1,937,849
Various
321,273
321,273
Indirect :
Customs . . , . .
2,165,784
2,000,000
Various 1
2,571,146
2,571,146
Administrative :
Military departments .
532,793
532,793
Civil ,, ...
1,938,202
1,962,036
Share in Tobacco Regie profits
51,775
51,775
Tribute revenues various ^ Total
1,136,316
1,136,316
18,927,745
18,511,322
1 Salt, tobacco, spirits, stamps, fisheries,
silk and other sourc
es niostlj' assigned to
the Ottoman Debt Administration,
2 Including those assigned to the Debt Administration.
Branches of Expenditure.
Average.
1897-98
£T
£T
Civil List
932,550
882,550
Public debt :
Tributary debt ....
\
750,059
Loans under Debt Administration.
2,661,991
Other loans
1,204,839
Floating debt ....
r 6,483,253
523,523
Railway guarantees
868,894
War indemnity to Russia
450,000
Pious foundations, &c. .
795,490
749,484
Military departments :
War
5,296,953
4,489,698
