1088
TURKEY AND TRIBUTARY STATES
Name
a. g.h. Feth-el- Islam a. g. b., Memdoiiiyeh bar. j Aziziyeh
I bar. j Mahmoudiyeh bar. I Osmaniyeh . bar. I Orkaniyeh . c. b. j Mesoudiyeh
c. b. bar
e. b.
e. b.
c. b.
t.
e. b. c. b.
Hamidlyeh . Abdul Kader (Unfinished) Assar-i-SheJket , Nedjim-i-Shcjket . Assar-i-Tevfik Hufzi-i-Rahman .
Avni-Illah Idjlaliyeh
c. b. Feth-i-Boulend . e. b. j Mouin-i-Zaper .
c. b. Moukadem-i-Hdir
i
Displace- ment
1864
330
1
3 1
1864
330
3 1
1 1864
6,400
5i
1864
1864
6,400 6,400
5i Si 1
1865
6,400
H
1874
8,990
12
1885
^6,700
9
8,000
14
i 1868 ! 1868
2,050 2,050
6 6
^ 1868
4,600
8
1868
2,500
5i
1
1869
2,310
6
1870
2,240
6
1870 1869
2,720 2,330
I
1872
2,680
»
Armament,
2 7in. (Armstrong) . Ditto . . . .
2 11in. ; 8 5-9in. ; 6 3-9in.
(Krupp) ....
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
12 lOin. (18-ton, Arm.,
muz.) ; 3 5'9in. (Krui)p). 10 10-2in.; 2 6-6in.(Krupp) 4llin.; 6 5-9in. (Krupp),
lOQ.F
1 9in. ; 4 7in. (Armstrong)
Ditto
8 9-4in.; 2 8-2in. (Krupp) .
2 9in.; 2 7in.(Arm.); I'p'in
(Krupp).
4 9in. (Armstrong) .
2 9in. ; 2 7in. (Arm.); 1
5-9in. (K.) 4 9in. (Armstrong) . 4 9in. (Arm.); 1 4'7in.
(Krupp) .... Ditto
■a
290 290
8-01 8-0 I
3,740 12-0
3,740 12-0 i
3,740 il2-0!
3,740 12-0 ;
7,800 6,800
10 11,500
1,750
... 1,900
... ! 3,560
... : 200 nominal 1 2,200
1,800 1 i 4,200
2,200
1301 13
li'-s
11-8, 13-3 I
12-0 I
12-2;
11-0 I 14-0
12-5
3,000 12-5
The old sister battleships, now coast-defence vessels, Aziziyeh, Mahmoudiyeh, Orkaniyeh, and Osmaniyeh (6,400 tons), are being, or have been, transformed by having barbette turrets placed at each end of their batteries for the heavy Krupp guns (the hope being to fit them for something more than local defence). An armourclad of 6,700 tons, the Eamidiyeh, was launched at Constantinople in 1885, and is said, after long delays, to have made her trials, but it is believed that not all her guns are even now mounted. This vessel, the Mesoudiyeh, and the unfinished armoured barbette cruiser Abdul Kader, are the largest ships in the Turkish navy. The Mesoudiyeh is 332 feet long, with extreme beam of 59 feet. She is constructed on the central battery principle, resembling our own Hercules, and has on the main deck a 12-gun battery of 18-ton muzzle-loading Armstrongs, and side plating 12 inches thick at the water-line. The chief armament will be 4 11 inch guns. The Jff?mf?cw?^fZ^■Q'^^V^r is a deck-protected cruiser of 4,050 tons, intended to steam 12 knots.
For the navy of Turkey the crews are raised in the same manner as the land forces, partly by conscription, and partly by voluntary enlistment. The time of service in the navy is twelve years, five in active service, three in the reserve, and four in the Redif. The nominal strength of the navy is 6 vice- admirals, 11 rear-admirals, 208 captains, 289 commanders, 228 lieutenants, 187 ensigns, and 30,000 sailors, besides about 9,000 marines.
Production and Industry.
Land in Turkey is held under four different forms of tenure — namely, 1st, as 'Miri,' or Crown lands; 2nd, as 'Vacouf,' or pious foundations; 3rd, as 'Mulikaneh,' or Crown grants; and 4th, as 'Miilk,' or freehold
