BAVARIA 905
invested by tlie State in railways is 42,700,000?. At the end of 1911 there were 1,276 miles of railway (normal gauge lines) in operation with 466 stations.
British Charge d' Affaires at Carlsruhe. — Lord Acton, M.V.O.
Consul. — Dr. Paul Ladenburg (Mannheim).
References concerning Baden.
Beitraege zur Statistik. Statistische Mitteilungen. Statistisches Jahrbuch. Hof- und Staatshandbuch. Wochenblatt des landwirtschaftlichen Vereins. Jahresberichte der Handelskammern.
Das Grossh(>ri50gthum Baden in geographisclier, &c. Hinsicht dargestellt. 2 pts. 8. Karlsruhe. 1885.
Baedeker's The Rhine. 16th ed. Leipzig, 1906.
Neumann (L.), Der Schwarzwald. In ' Land und Leute ' Series. Vol. XIIL Bielefeld and Leipzig, 1902.
BAVARIA.
(KONIGREICH BaYERN.)
Reiffninff King. — Otto Wilhelm Luitpold, born April 27, 1848: succeeded his brother, LudwiglL, on June 13, 1886. Regent. — Prince Ludwig. (See below).
Cousins of the King.
I. Prince Ludwig, born Januarj' 7, 1845; became Regent in succession to his father Prince Luitpold, who died Dec. 12, 1912 ; married, February 20, 1868, to Archduchess, Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, of the branch of Modena, born July 2, 1849, of which marriage there arc nine cliildren :— 1. Prince Rupprecht, born JM ay 18, 1869; married July 10, 1900, to Marie Gabriele, daughter of Duke Karl in Bavaria ; offspring : Prince Luitpold, born May 8, 1901, Prince Albrecht, born May 3, 1905 ; 2. Princess Adelgunda, born October 17, 1870. 3. Princess Marie, born July 6, 1872; married May 81, 1897, to Prince Ferdinand of Bourbon. 4. Prince Karl, born April 1, 1874. 5. Prince Franz, born October 10, 1875 ; married, July 8, 1912, to Princess Isabella von Croy, daughter of Duke Karl von Croy. 6. Princess Hildegard, born March 5, 1S81. 7. Princess Wiltrud, born November 10, 1884. 8. Princess Helmtrud, born March 22, 1886. 9. Princess Gundelinde, born August 26, 1891.
II. Prince Leopold, born February 9, 1846; brother of the Prince Regent; married April 20, 1873, to Archduchess Gisela of Austria-Hungary, eldest daughter of the Emperor-King Franz Joseph I. Offspring of the union are :— 1. Princess Elizabeth, born January 8, 1874 ; married December 2, 1893, to Count von Seefried. 2. Princess Auguste, born April 28, 1875 ; married November 15, 1893, to Archduke Joseph Augustus of Austria. 3. Prince George, born April 2, 1880 ; married February 10, 1912, to Arch- duchess Isabella Marie, daughter of the Archduke Frederick of Austria. 4. Prince Konrad, born November 22, 1883.
III. Theresa, born November 12, 1850; sister of the Prince Regent; abbess of the chapter royal of St. Anne at Munich.
A nephew of the Regent is Prince Heinrich, born June 24, 1884, son of Prince Arnulf, who died November 12, 1907.
The members of the royal house of Bavaria are descendants of the ancient Counts of Wittelsbach, who flourished in the twelfth century. Duke Maximilian I. of Bavaria was elevated to the rank of Elector of the Holy Roman Empire in the Thirty Years' War; and Elector Maximilian Joseph was raised to the rank of king by Napoleon I. in 1805.
The civil list of the King, and allowances to other members of the royal family, are fixed at present at 5,402,475 marks.
Constitution and Government.— The Crown is hereditary in the male line. To the king belongs the sole executive power ; but his ministers are responsible for all his acts. The legislative functions are exercised jointly by the king and Parliament, the latter consisting of an Upper and
