PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRY
1075
Production and Industry.
I, Agriculture.
The surface of the Netherlands was divided in 1911 as follows (in hectares, 1 hectare = 2 -47 acres) -.—Uncultivated land (heath), 533,807; water and morass, 123,853 ; dykes and roads, 53,050 ; untaxed land, 78,064 ; building land, houses, &c., 47,756. Total, 836,530 h.a. Cultivated land : arable land, 872,171; pasture, 1,213,073; gardens and orchards, 78,097; forest, 260,923. Total, 2,424,264 h.a. , a .^ xr ^^ i
Large estates prevail in the provinces of Zealand, bouth Holland, Groningen, and North Holland ; small estates in North Brabant, Guelders. Limburg, and Overyssel.
The number of estates was in 1910 :— 5 hectares and less, 109,605 ; trom 5 to 10 hectares, 41,439 ; from 10 to 20 hectares, 30,821 ; from 20 to 50 hectares, 23,797 ; from 50 to 100 hectares, 3,278 ; above 100 hectares, 216, 49-2 per cent, of all estates being held by farmers, and 50*8 per cent, by the owners. In 1899 the percentage was 43*6 and 56 •4.
The areas under the principal crops, in acres, were as follows :—
Products.
1910 1911 ; 1912
Winter wheat Summer wheat Winter rye Summer rye Winter barley Summer barley Oats. . Buckwheat Horse beans Peas . Beans.
Brown mustard White mustard Garroway seed
eed seed
Acres
120,702 16,167
549,890
5,155
51,187
19,042
352,515 35,550i 50,()05: 65, 352 i 15,7(52 2,127 3,117 19,232
Acres i
133,685
10,162
558,227
5,182
55,765
14,277
345,465
32,382
47,037
55,905
- 17,020
' 2,137
1,870
20,575
Acres
135,065,
9,140i
558,7021
6,287
54,072
13,272
342,477
29,410
42,162
64,460
17,165!
1,9521
2,4071
8,165l
Products.
Poppy sted. Flax . Tobacco Canary seed Table potatoes Factory potatoe Sugar beets Cliicory Onions
Sugar-beet seed Spinach seed Onion seed. Radish seed
1910
1911 Acres
Acres
652
600
29,370 942
39,277 1,002
832
1,177
332,042
73,495
340,587
75,375
140,180 1,747
139,000 2,877
6,007
6,282
200
265
200
1,995 250
542
1912
Acres
1,567
37,155
1,012
815
346,615
4,530
157,135
2,912
7,042
477
3,560
332
872
The mean yield of the more important products was, per hectare, m hectolitres (1 hectolitre = 2 "75 bushels) : —
Average,
Average,
Average,
Average,
1910
1911
1871-80 22-0
1881-90
1891-1900
1901-10
28-6
Wheat
23-4
24-9
•29-6
33-7
Rye .
17-3
19-1
21-0
23-6
•24-4
25-2
Winter barley .
30-0
40-4
41 -6
44-5
41-1
45-0
Summer barley .
28-8
29-7
32-1
36-0
34-5
3y-0
Oats .
38-3
38-3
42-2
47-1
45-1
45*2
Potatoes
136-0
154-0
180-5
203-0
192-0
219-0
Buckwheat
17-4
14-3
15-0
18-3
20-6
10-3
Beans .
•21-7
22-7
23-9
•27-2
•23-1
23-2
Peas .
20-5
21-5
23-5
•24-7
16 9
28-9
Rapeseed .
21-3
23-5
i 23-9
27-9
22 8
26-4
Flax (kilo.) Beetroot ,,
476-0
490
1 496-5
624-0
548
600-0
26,260-0
24,809-0
j •29,122-5
29,297-0
■29,000-0
36,000-0
The value of imports and exports of the leading agricultural products in 1911 and 1910 was as follows (in guilders) :—
3 ii 2
