JUSTICE AND CRIME
1195
Acoording to the last issue (1912) of the "Year Book of Russia," published by the Central Statistical Committee, the numbers of all kinds of schools and of children attending them, on January 1, 1910, were as follows : 1
Number 1 of schools 1
Students or pupils attending the schools
High schools
Middle schools
Special schools 2
Primary schools
Toial
European Russia Poland Ciscaucasia Transcaucasia . Siberia Central Asia
87,434 6,850 2,610 2,833 j 5,278 9,832
57,470 2,663
215 2,994
336,336 18,356 8,778 12,451 19,586 11,397
406,904
184,668 16,137
3,898 3,518 9,054 5,930
5,044,125 284,363 175,575 107,205 250,685 94,058
5,622,599 321,519 188,251 123,389 282,319 111,385
Total
114,837 ;
63,342
223,205
5,956,011
6,649,462
1 Exclusive of the cities of St. Petersburg, Kronstadt, and Baku, the governments of Warsaw and Tiflis, and the province of Kamchatka. - Middle and primary.
To the total number of 6,649,462 students or pupils must be added : 165,180 pupils of private schools, lay or religious of Christian creeds ; 1,105 pupils of schools for blind, and deaf and dumb, 288,274 pupils of religious schools of non-Christian creeds, and 203,061 not classed in the above categories. Total number of persons attending the schools of the Russian Empire (exclusive of Finland) : 7,307,082.
Number of pupils attending the schools per 1.000 inhabitants of both sexes : —
—
Males
Females
Of both sexes
European Russia ....
Poland
Ciscaucasia
Transcaucasia
Siberia
Central Asia
71-2 60-0 61-4 48-8 46-7 30-7
32-2 32-1
29-7 16-8 22-7 10-1
51-3 41-8 45-8 27-2 35-0 21-8
Russian Empire .
65-7
310
46-9
The less illiterate provinces of European Russia are: — Esthonia, 20 '1 illiterates per 100 of population ; Livonia, 22*3 ; Curland, 291 ; St. Peters- burg, 44 "9 ; other provinces, more than 50 per 100.
The contributions of the Ministry of Public Instruction, of the Holy Synod, and of the different ministries for educational purposes in the budget estimates foi 1912 appear as follows: Ministry of Instruction, 98,800,000 roubles; Holy Synod, 20,247,000 ; Ministry of War and of Navy, 17,904,000 ; General Direction of Land Organization and Agriculture, 4,297,000; Ministry of Commerce and Industry, 3,384,000; Ministry of Finances, 232,000; other ministries, 2,951,575 Total, 142,805,000 roubles.
Justice and Crime.
The administration of justice was reformed by law of November 1864, which instituted assize courts with juries ; elective justices of peace with functions similar to those of English magistrates ; assemblies of justices of peace, before which appeals from judgments of individual magistrates might be brought ; appeal courts for re-hearing cases not tried by jury. Above all
