1222
RUSSIA
-FINLAND
The movement of the population in five years was as follows : —
Years
Marriages
Births
Deaths
Excess of Births
1906 1907 1908 1909 1910
19,937 20,266 16,551 19,418 18,781
91,401 92,457 92,146 95,005 92,984
50,857 53,028 55,305 50,577 51,007
40,544 39,429 36,841 44,428 41,977
The births and deaths are exclusive of still births, numbering, in 1910 2,379 or 2*49 per cent, of total births.
Emigration, 1904, 10,952; 1905, 17,427; 1906, 17,517; 1907, 16,296; 1908, 5,812; 1909, 19,144; 1910, 19,007 ; 1911, 9,372.
Instruction.
In 1912 Finland had 1 university, with 3,030 students (730 ladies) ; in ]912, 1 technical high school, 438 students (15 ladies) ; 1 commercial high school with 64 students; 1911, 69 lyceums (26 State), 15,765 pupils (5,143 girls) ; 15 continuation classes for boys and girls, 642 pupils ; 29 elementary schools for boys and girls, 2,999 pupils; 25 girls' schools, 5,048 pupils ; 43 preliminaiy schools, 2,427 pupils ; in the country 47 popular high schools with 1,886 pupils ; in the country 2,903 primary schools (of higher grade) with 135,162 pupils ; and primary schools (of lower grade) with 64,014 pupils ; in 38 towns, primary schools with 1,323 teachers and 37,931 pupils ; 8 training colleges for primary (popular) school teachers, with 1,089 pupils ; 6 for preliminary schools with 209 pupils. There are besides 6 navigation schools, with 132 pupils (1912) ; 21 commercial schools with 1,780 pupils, 36 primary trade schools, with 1,872 (1910) pupils; 19 higher trade schools, with 1,774 (1910) pupils ; 10 technical schools, with 1,032 (1911) pupils ; 108 schools for arts and crafts ("slojd"), with 1,891 pupils (1910) ; 37 agricultural, 8 dairy schools, 39 cattle -managers' schools, and 21 horticultural schools with together 2,257 pupils ; 6 forester schools with 138 pupils. The school age in the primary schools is from 7 to 15 years.
In 1911 were published 258 newspapers and reviews in Finnish, 100 in Swedish, 6 in Swedish and Finninh, 3 in German, 2 in Russian and 2 in English.
Pauperism and Crime.
The number of paupers in 1910 sup])orte{l by the towns and the village communities was 86,350 (277 per cent, of the population) ; and the total cost was 6,276,421 marks.
The prison population, at the end of 1910, was 3,236 men and 516 women, while the number of sentences j^ronounced, in the first instance, for crimes was 32,144, and for subjects of contention 44,303.
Finance.
The receipts for 1911 were 6,376,868Z. (25,133^. being extracrdinary revenue, 23,520/. taken from the funds, and 8,465Z. being accidcnial revenue), and expenditure 6,241,864/. (718.265/. extraordinary expenditure, and 23,766/. disposed for the funds and 30,601/. being accidental extra expenditures) Of the revenue, 258,030/. came from direct taxes; 2,506,406/. indirect taxes, 2,766,327/. from the railways, forests, domains, and other
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