SAMOS — EHYPT 1823
StiefllUziAUyi i\o.), L'ile (\o Cr^te, &c. Paris, 1890. .SY;'rt/;? (H.), Kreta, eiue geogr.-hist. Skizze. 2 Telle. Miinclien, ISTfj-f). Tocer (H. F.), The Islands of the Aegean. Oxford, 1890. T'l'rot (H.), L'insnrrection cretoise et la guerre greco-turqi\e. Paris, ISOO. Wagner (Rob.), Der Kretische Anfstand, 1860-67, bis zur Mission Aali Paschas. Bern, 1908.
SAMOS.
An island off the coast of Asia Minor, forming a principality under the sovereignty of Turkey, under the guarantee of France, Great Britain, and Russia, December 11, 1832.
Governor. — BrgJevy Effendi (appointed 1912).
Area 180 square miles ; population (1902) 53,424. There are besides, 15,000 natives living on the coast of Asia Minor. There are 1,336 foreigners, of whom 1,221 are Greeks. In 1905 there were 824 marriages, 1,545 births, 808 deaths. The religion is the Greek Orthodox,
The estimated revenue for 1910 was 3,716,968 piastres, and expenditure 3,627,496. Public debt, 2,570,500 piastres.
The most active industries are the manufacture of wine, oil, cigarettes, leather, and brandy. Tobacco, wine and olive oil are produced.
Samos is known to contain deposits of various minerals including anti- mony, silver-lead manganese, copper, zinc, and marble, but there is little or no mining.
The imports for 1911 amounted to 19,741,212 piastres, and the exports to 37,036,252. The chief exports were wine, raisins, leather, oil, cigarettes, spirits, and carob beans.
In 1910, 1,338 vessels of 486,076 tons entered the ports of the island : they were mostly Austrian, Turkish, French, and Greek.
In 1910, 146,340 letters passed through the Post OfRce, The number of telegraphic despatches was 11,962.
EGYPT.
(MiSR.)
Reigning Khedive.
Abbas Hilmi, born July 14, 1874 ; sonof Mohamed Tewfik ; succeeded to the throne on the death of his father, January 8, 1892 ; married Princess Ikbal Hanem ; offspring : Princess Emina Han em, born February 12, 1895 ; Princess Atiatoullah Hanem, born June 9, 1896 ; Princess Fathieh Hanem, born November 27, 1897 ; Prince Mohammed Abdul Mouneim, heir-apparent, born February 20, 1899 ; Princess Loutfiah Hanem, born September 29, 1900 ; Prince Abdul Kader, born February 4, 1902. He has one brother, Mohamed Aly, born October 28, 1875, and two sisters, Khadijah Hanem, born May 2, 1879 ; married January 31, 1895, to Abbas Pasha Helim ; and Nimet Hanem, born November 6, 1881 ; married (1) January 8, 1896, to Djemil Tussun Pasha, divorced (2) in 1904, to Hussein Kemal-ed-Din Pasha.
The present sovereign of Egypt is the seventh ruler of the dynasty of Mehe- met Ali, appointed Governor of Egypt in 1806, who made himself, in 1811, absolute master of the country by force of arms. The position of the Khedive's grandfather, Ismail I, — forced to abdicate, under pressure of the British and French Governments, in 1879 — was recognised by the Imperial Hatti-
