CYPRUS
113
The principal towns are Nicosia (the capital), 16,052 ; Larnaca, 9,262; Limasol, 10,302; Famagusta and Varoshia, 5,327; Paphos and Ktima, 3,435; Kyrenia, 1,726. There are six administrative districts named after these towns.
Besides elementary schools there are (1911-12) a gymnasium, 5 'Greek high schools ' for boys and a ' high school ' for girls, one for Greek-Christians, and one for Moslems. The Government contributes 7,300Z. per annum to education. Total number of elementary schools in 1911-12, 595 (191 Moslem and 404 Christian) ; teachers, 717. Total enrolment 31,780, comprising 5,926 Moslems, 25,656 Greek-Christians, 100 Armenians aud 98 Maronites. There are 8 weekly newspapers in Greek and 1 in Turkish.
The law courts consist of (1) a supreme court of civil and criminal appeal ; (2) six assize courts, having unlimited criminal jurisdiction ; (3) six district courts, having limited criminal jurisdiction and unlimited civil jurisdiction ; (4) six magisterial courts with summary jurisdiction ; (5) ten village judges' courts. In all, except supreme court, native (Christian and Mohammedan) judges take part. In the year 1911-12 the number of offences was 10,096 ; there Avere 25 murders and 11 cases of attempts to murder. The number of persons committed to prison in 1910-11, 3,917 ; in 1911-12, 4,341. Strength of police force, March 31, 1912, 24 officers, and 753 men • total, 777.
The revenue and expenditure for five years, ended March 31, were :—
Revenue Expenditure
1907-08
£ 311,810 203,029
1908-09
1909-10
£
303,477 244,061
£ 309,774 251,264
1910-11
£ 286,848 251,521
1911-12
£
319,572 235,256
Chief sources of revenue, 1911-12 :— Tithes, 97,052^.; excise, 48,132^.; customs, 48,122?. ; sheep, goat, and pig taxes, 14,780?. ; verghis, 29,489?. ; court receipts and stamps, 12,732?.; port dues, &c., 14,294?.; railway, 11,352?. Customs revenue 1908-09, 52,325?. ; 1909-10, 48,841?. ; 1910-11, 43,518?. ; 1911-12, 48,122?.
Public debt, 275,088?., for harbour, railways, and irrigation. A sum of 92,800?. (not included above) is payable annually to the Sublime Porte under the convention of 1878. Annual grant from imperial funds to revenue (not included above), 1908-09, 50,000?; 1909-10, 50,000?. ; 1910-11, 40,000?.; 1911-12, 50,000?.
Cyprus is essentially agricultural. Chief products in 1911 : wheat, 2,320,000 bushels; barley, 2,160,000 bushels; vetches, 220,000 bushels; oats, 450,000 bushels ; olives, cotton. Grapes are produced in large quantities. Other products are carobs, fruit, linseed, silk, cheese, wool, hides, and (by the Department of Agriculture) origanum oil. In 1911 there were 62,100 cattle, 35,200 pigs, 68,740 horses, mules and asses, 294,828 sheep and 274,345 goats. One-third of cultivable land under cultivation. Irrigation works for the storage and distribution of rain-Avater were com- pleted in 1901. The Forestry Department is working towards re-afforesta- tion of denuded districts. Sponge fisheries are successfully carried on. Gypsum, terra umbra and marble are found in abundance ; mining for copper has commenced ; asbestos is mined.
The commerce, and the shipping, exclusive of coasting trade, for five calendar years were : —
