NYASALAND PROTECTORATE 187
enrolled pupils and 83,000 in average attendance. Eight of the missions divide 1,000Z. Government aid for their schools. In 1911-12, 4,080 oftences were reported, 40 being cases of serious crime. Within the Shire province coffee is cultivated ; in 1909-10, 748,410 lbs.; in 1910-11, 334,161 lbs.; and in 1911-12, 786,304 lbs.; were exported. Tobacco exported, after local demands were supplied, in 1909-10, 1,084,757 lbs.; in 1910-11, 1,704,637 lbs. ; and in 1911-12, 2,146,615 lbs. Cotton cultivation is very promising. Crop in 1909-10, 858,296 lbs.; in 1910-11, 1,736,995 lbs.; and in 1911-12, 1,356,904 lbs. Tea-growing is tried on estates aggregating 598 acres; in 1909-10, 36,281 lbs. ; in' 1910-11, 42,042 lbs.; and in 1911-12, 43,876 Ib-s. were exported. Cattle (1912), 59,758 ; sheep, 22,131; goats, 138,318; pigs, 18,640 ; horses, mules, and asses, 266, mostly belonging to the natives. The trade ports are Port Herald and Chiromo (Lower Shire), Kotakota, Karonga, and Fort Johnston (Lake Nyasa).
_1
1907-8
1908-9 1909-10 1910-11
1911-12
Imports 2 3 Exports '-i 3 Revenue ■* . Expenditure
£
169,541 68,604 75,197
105,587
£ & £
140,916 112,629 199,710
122,644 110,866 168,911
80,584 76,647 94,980
103,032 108,728 112,369
£
247,548
198,577
97, 3 -.6
1 118.070
I
1 For years ending March 31, of those stated.
2 Exclusive of goods in transit. These amounted in the five jcirs to : 23,264/. 20,175Z., 20,359?., 31,090?., and 43,926i. respectively.
3 Including specie.
■1 Excluding Imperial Grant-in-aid.
Direct imports from Great Britain, 1909-10, 78,90H.; 1910-11, 150,630/.; 1911-12, 194,783Z.; direct exports thereto, 76,172/. in 1909-10 ; 140,651/. in 1910-11 ; and 179,011/. in 1911-12. These figures exclude the tiansit trade.
The imports consist chiefly of textiles, hardware and provisions ; the ex- ports are coffee, cotton, tobacco, strophanthtcs, bees' wax, ruljber, chillies, maize and ground-nuts.
Annual grant in aid 30,000/. for 1909-10; for 1910-11, 31,500/.; and for 1911-12, 31,500/. Local revenue is derived from Customs, tolls, licences, &c., and from a hut-tax of 3s. (in some cases 6s.) on each hut, yielding in 1909-10, 41,530/.; in 1910-11, 46,534/.; and in 1911-12, 50,984/. The hut-tax for 1912-13 has been raised to 4s. and Ss., and a revenue of 65.000/. is anticipated.
There are military, volunteer reserve, and civil police forces. There is a Marine Transport Department on the Upper Shire River and on Lake Nyasa, consisting of three vessels. For ordinary traffic there are small steamers, besides small sailing vessels.
There is communication with the coast at Chinde by river steamers. Chinde is situated on the only navigable mouth of the Zambezi, and the Portuguese Government has granted a small piece of land, called the
- British Concession,' where goods in transit for British Central Africa are
free of customs duty, and in addition a large area for residential purpose styled ' the Extra Concession. '
There are 24 post offices through which, in 1911-12, 1,454,854 postal packets passed. A postal savings bank was opened on July 1 , 1911. Depositors at end of 1911, 140 ; deposits, 2,576/. A railway, of 3 ft. 6 in. gauge, from Port Herald, near the Portuguese boundary on the western bank of the Shire, to Blantyre has been constructed (113 miles) and negotiations are in progiess for its extension to tlie Coast and Lake Nyasa. There is a telegraph line
