RELIGION, ETC.— CHARITY— FINANCE, DEFENCE 433
1 ?Ln^^?;.*o?J'^A^'^°[-^^.'' ^^'^ ^'^^^^^^ 34' 933' ^y 1870 49,310, and ^^ /• V ^^'218- / Plebiscitum was taken, and the people of California voted in favour of the restriction of Chinese immigration. In 1882 Con^^ress passed the restriction law which, by successive renewals, has been kept in torce till the present time. The Chinese population of California by 1890 had
in^r?i^*/^'-?f^' !f^,^^ ^^^^ *^ ^^'^9^- ^^ 1900 the Japanese numbered }a\ oh • T'nrn; ^Iif,^^«^^ years they have become much more numerous iJl'324 m 1910). They have largely taken the place formerly held bv the Chinese as agricultural labourers and domestic servants, and quite recently there has commenced a new agitation in favour of the exclusion ot all Asiatic immigration.
Religion and Instruction.— In the matter of religious association all churches are represented in California, the Eoman Catholic being much stronger than any other single church ; next are Methodists, Presbyterians, J^aptists, and Congregationalists. .
Education is compiilsory for children 5-17 years of age for at least five ^'.0^ n-L'^'- . the State elementary schools there were, in 1910, 368 391 enrolled pupils, with 11,369 teachers. The 184 public high schools hadl,/59 teachers and 30,650 pupils; live State normal schools had 104 teachers and 2,022 students in 1910. The State also maintains three poly- technic and other special schools.
There are in California two great universities-thc State University, or University ol Calitornia, at Berkeley, and Leland Stanford Junior University ihe former was established in 1868, and has grown steadily until it has become one ol the great universities of the United States, or of the Avorld It comprises many colleges and the Lick Astronomical Department. In J 7o. . 1 ^f^^'^^^^ty ^^ad at Berkeley 395 professors and teachers with 5,724 students, of whom 1,361 were women. Leland Stanford Junior Uni- vei;sity at Palo Alto was chartered in 1885, and opened its doors to students in 1891. An endowment, now amounting to 20,000,000 dollars in interest- bearing funds, besides large landed estates, was given by Mr. and Mrs Leland Stanford. In 1911 it had 149 professors and 1,648 students. The University of Southern California at Los Angeles (Meth. Episcopal) had 205 instructors and 1,483 students. There are several other prosperous colleges m the State. °
Charity.— In the state there are 153 benevolent institutions (exclusive of almshouses). The board of supervisors of each county must provide or the dependent sick and poor by building or hiring and maintaining Hospitals and almshouses, and appointing superintendents and other officers or may provide otherwise for this purpose at their discretion. A State Irade and Training School is provided for orphans, abandoned children, ond children placed by court under the guardianship of the Board of irustees The care of the poor may be let out to the lowest bidder, indigent sick and poor persons who have resided 3 months in a county, or city and county, are relieved at the expense of the county; others at the expense of the county where they have lawful residence. Kindred (within certain degrees) must support pauper relatives. It is a misdemeanour to bring poor or incompetent persons into a county or city where they are not lawfully settled The State board of charities may investigate and report on hospitals and almshouses. On January 1, 1905, the almshouses of the State had 4,292 pauper inmates (4,156 white and 136 coloured)
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