INSTRUCTION
863
Schools
Teachers
Pupils
states
Males
Females
Males
Females
Total
Scliwarzb. -Soiid.
98
243
17
7,435
7,318
14,753
Schwarzb. -Rudol.
137
300
7
9,155
8,813
17,968
Waldeck ....
122
164
11
5,304
5,025
10,329
Reuss, Elder Branch
55
193
17
6,240
6,562
12,802
Reuss, Younger Branch .
118
369
10
11,363
11,867
23,230
Schaumb. -Lippe
47
103
4
3,995
3,869
7,864
Lippe ....
153
315
8
12,416
11,913
24,329
Liibeck ....
51
232
208
6,583
7,124
13,707
Bremen ....
(54
608
260
17,842
17,942
35,784
Hamburg ....
222
2,182
1,339
57,759
57,848
115,607
Alsace-Lorraine
2,974
3,123
2,586
132,979
118,816
251,795
Empire
(51,557
14!S,217
39,268
5,157,446
5.152,503
10,309,949
There were also iu 1911, 480 private schools with 11,894 boys and 14,257 girls who received iustructiou similar to that given in the Public Ele- mentary Schools.
The system of secondary education is also practically homogeneous. Above the elementary schools rank the middle schools of the towns, the Biirger- sckulen and Hohcre B'drgerschulen, which fit their pupils for business life. Children of the working classes may continue their education at the Fortbildungs-Schulen or continuation schools, which are open in the evening or other convenient time. The Gymnasien are the most fully developed classical schools, preparing pupils in a nine years' course for the universities and the learned professions. The Progymnasien differ from these only in not having the highest classes. In the Realgymnasien, Latin, but not Greek, is taught, and what are usually termed ' modern subjects ' have more time devoted to them. Realprogyninasien have a similar course, but have no class corresponding to the highest class in the preceding. In the Oberrealschulen and Realschulen Latin is wholly displaced in favour of modern languages. The teachers in German schools are required to hold a Government certificate, and to have undergone a year's probation. Higher schools for girls are called Ilohere Tochterschuleu. Besides these there are numerous Geicerheschulen or technical schools, PoZi/^cc/i/izca, normal schools, seminaries, and the universities.
In 1911 the number of secondary schools was as follows : — For boys, Gymnasia, 524 with 9,769 teachers and 160,237 pupils ; Realgymnasia, 223, with 3,708 teachers and 70,375 pupils ; Oberrealschuleri, 167, with 3,473 teachers and 75,832 pupils ; Progymnasia, 81, with 570 teachers and 9,509 pupils ; Realschulen, 411, with 4,265 teachers and 89,968 pupils. For girls, Gymnasia, 39, with 1,039 teachers and 22,137 pupils ; High schools, 789, with 11,359 teachers and 212,324 pupils.
There are 11 fully-equipped Technical High Schools,^ with the power of granting degrees. They are all aided by the States to which they respectively belong. The statistics for the winter half-year 1911-12 are as follows : —
Schools i Teaching schools 1 g^^g
Students
Schools
Aachen . Bi-unswick Danzig . Breslau .
Total .
Teaching Staff
61 46 43 20
Students
Berlin
Munich .
Darmstadt
Karlsruhe
Hanover
Dresden .
Stuttgart
' 158 70 81
li 67
(■>5
79
2,828 2,889 1,730 1,332 1,708 1,485 1,125
996
596
1,303
225
773
16,187
i The last, at Breslau, was opened on Nov. 29th, 1910.
