Page:The American Indian.djvu/494

Palisades, distribution of, 112

Panama, archæological characterization of, 261-262; area, designs, 91

Pan-pipe, 147

Paper, in Mexico and Central America, 130

Patagonia, 12, 52, 63, 66, 306, 320

Patagonia, archæological characterization of, 268

Pattern, phenomena, 346; of rituals, 184; theory, in the study of single trait-complexes, 344, 345

Pawnee, 70, 143, 144, 151, 155, 158, 161, 183, 186, 188, 189, 191, 200, 208, 320, 345, 348

Pemmican, 11-12, 14, 219

Peopling of the New World, 317, 335

"Pepper-pot," characteristic dish of the Amazon area, 23

Persimmon, bread made of, 18

Personal property, 174

Peru, archæological characterization of, 265-266

Pestle, stone, distribution of, 120

Peyote cult, 343

Phonetic, analysis, of language, by mechanical methods, 287; uniformity found in California languages, 287

Phonetics, characteristic of American languages, 287; comparative, 286-289; geographical types of, 287

Phratry, defined, 158

Pictographs, in the Antilles, 263; Plains area, 256; on rock, 137

Picture writing, 129

Pigmentation, New World man, 299, 309, 310

Piki, maize bread, 21, 225

Pile-dwellings, Northern South America, 108; in Florida swamps, 108

Pile-villages, South Atlantic area, 250

Piman stock, consolidated with Shoshonean-Nahuatlan stock, 285, 369; linguistic and tribal grouping, 374

Pipe ritual, ceremonial, 184

Pipes, 72; clay, South Atlantic area, 249; distribution and form of, 30; elbow, distribution of, 29; Eskimo area, 216; pottery, Iroquois area, 251; South Atlantic area, 250; stone, form and distribution, 120-121

Pit-houses, in Great Lakes area, 254

Pits, house, 112

Plains area, 119, 131, 132, 226, 233-234, 359; archæological characterization of, 254-256; area, characterization of culture, 206-209; probably a distinct type of prehistoric culture, 256; traits, in Plateau area, 209, 210

Plant-growing trick, 189

Plants, Central American, taken over and cultivated by Europeans, 21; cultivated before 1492, 20; peculiar to the New World, 357-358; wild, used in eastern maize area, 18

Plateau area, 219, 226, 338; area, characterization of cultures, 209-212

Platinum, in the New World, 126

Platycnemia, flattening of, 300

Platymeria, flattening of, 300; presence of third trochanter correlated with, 301

Plumed serpent concept, wide distribution of, 199

Plural marriage, 176

Poetical merit, in aboriginal rituals, 198

Poetry, aboriginal, 140

Poison, fish taken with, eastern maize area, 19; upper Amazon, 23

Police system, Pueblo, 170-171; Siouan, 169; tribes of the Gulf states, 170

Political, organization, Aztec, 229; close uniformity of speech a correlate of, 280; conducive to standardization of culture, 242; Iroquois tribes, 222; in regions of higher culture, 180; system, Araucans, 167; solidarity, coincident with clan-gens organization, 157; unity, coincident with cultural individuality, 342

Polynesian-European group, characteristics and area of distribution, 312, 313

Polynesians, 313; affinities of New World man with, 310, 311; recent arrivals in the Pacific, 356