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with political and cultural unity, 332; reasons for individuality in the New World, 280; survives longer than other culture traits, 286

Spindle, 48, 58; European, 49

Spindle whorl, distribution of, 47, 127; pottery, 265

Spinning, 46-49; cotton, 49; methods and distribution, 47-49; with a spindle, 59; without a spindle, 58

Splint basketry, 54-55

Stamps, of pottery, for printing cloth,

State of Oaxaca, archæological characterization of, 261

Stature, geographic grouping of, 321; of tribal groups, according to culture areas, 320

Steatite, work in, 121-122

Stelse, 105; dated, 261

Stock, language, determination of in the New World, 281; language, distribution in more than one culture area, 332, 333; linguistic, defined, 281

Stocks, linguistic, consolidation of, 369; similarities in California, 332; most widely distributed, 294; unity of, within culture areas, 333; United States and Canada, number of, 281

Stone age culture, Maya, 228; in the New World, 115, 118

Stone, boiling, 54, 209, 213, 219; carving, 134, 259; implements, Mississippi-Ohio area, 252; implements, Great Lakes area, 254; implements, types of, Iroquoian area, 250, 251; implements, types of, North Atlantic area, 247, 248; implements, South Atlantic area, 249; implements, Plains area, 254, 255; objects, problematical, 121; objects, total distribution of, 122; quarrying, 123; vessels, Plains area, 256; work in, 115-123; work in, Aztec area, 229; work in, Eastern Woodland area, 223; work, periods of, in Europe, 115

Stone-Boy, story of, 197

Stratification, chronologies determined by, 273-275; of cultures, Iroquois area, 331; of pottery remains, 273-274; in rock-shelters, North Atlantic area, 248

Stringed instruments, absence in the New World before discovery, 147

Sun, ceremony, in Peru, 182; dance, 184, 201, 208; offerings to, 191; in religious system of Peru, 180

Supernatural guardians, 185-187

Sweat house, distribution of use, 200

Sword-swallowing trick, distribution,

Symbolism, 95-98; in mythology and ritualism, 180; Pueblo pottery designs, 81; strong development in the Southwest area, 98

Symbols, true, in New World art, 97,98

Synthetic work, importance in development of anthropology, 327

System of relationship, 159; classificatory, 160

Tablets, bark, containing midé ritual, 184

Taboo, against fish, bison area, 11; against fish, Pueblo tribes, 21; mother-in-law, distribution, 161-162

Taboos, 161-162; Eskimo area, 20, 216; against women in ceremonies, 182

Tales, distribution in North America, 196; Old World, found in America, 196; types of, 194

Tatting, found in cotton-using area, 50

Teeth, size of, 309

Technique, limitation in bead and quill work, 82; weaving, limitation to design, 77, 79

Techniques, in basketry, 52, 79-80; coil and twine, concentric distribution of, 54

Tempering materials, for pottery, 71

Temple of the Cross, cross-section of, 101

Temples, to the sun, lower Mississippi, 183, 223

Terraces, use of, in Peru, 103

Test theme, in mythology, 195

Textile, art, importance of at time of Spanish conquest, 59; arts, 45-66; designs, 76-79; development, eastern maize area, 60; development, Gulf States, 89