Page:The American Indian.djvu/499

Textiles, cliff-house, 60, 81; Inca, 92; Maya, 90; Mexican, 91; North Pacific Coast, 88; Peruvian, 90, 91; poor development in caribou and eastern maize area, 87; specialization in the Southwest, 338

Thatched structures, distribution and varieties, 106

Thread-making, a universal trait, 46, 56

Thunderbird, concept, wide distribution of, 199

Tiahuanaco, 105, 266, 273

Tibia, flattening of, 300

Time, methods of reckoning, 131; perspective, dated stelae, most important aids to, 261; relations for culture, methods of determining, 276-278; relations for culture, established by studies of language and culture, 293; relations and cultural associations, 326; relations, pottery and maize, 69

Tin, contained in Peruvian bronze implements, 125-126

Tipi, construction and types, 109-110; used by intermediate Plains tribes, 351; in the Mackenzie area, 219; used by nomadic tribes of the Southwest, 226

Tipiti, basketry press for cassava, 28

Titicaca, 92; a sacrificial shrine, 182

Title to lands, held by family group,

Tobacco, aboriginal forms of taking, 29; burning, as a means of purification, 200; chewing, distribution of, 29, 30; cultivation of, 18; distribution of, 28, 30

Toboggan, distribution of, 34-35

Tombs, cross-shaped at Mitla, 261

Tools, copper, distribution of, 124; copper, Peruvian, 125

Topography, guanaco area, 232-233; Inca area, 231; Plateau area, 209; type of, in which New World cultures expanded, 33S-336

Tortillas, 21

Totemic features, 163-164

Totemism, 185-187, 345

Totem-pole house, structure and distribution, 110

Totem poles, 110; carved, 88; North Pacific Coast area, 214

Totems, 163

Totonac, 227, 272; sites, glazed pottery from, 72

Trade, between Alaska and Siberia, 44; Maya with Cuba, 227

Tragedies, Inca, 137

Trait association, with in tribal culture, 3SO-3S2

Trait-complexes, no direct conventional relations between those constituting a culture, 352; social, association between, 351

Traits, borrowed, among Déné, 219; identity of, among groups of aborigines, 342; independently developed in the New World, 364

Transport, animal, distribution of, 33

Transportation, California area, 212; Chibcha area, 230; Déné, 218; by dogs, distribution of, 33; dog and travois, 206; Eastern Woodland area, 221; Inca area, 232; methods of, 39-44; methods of, in Mexico and Pueblo area, 35; Northern Shoshonean tribes, 211; North Pacific Coast area, 213; Plateau area, 209

Travois, 35, 346; in bison area, 36; horse, 38; not found in Siberia and Alaska, 37

Trial, form of among Ojibway and Micmac, 167; idea of, found in regions of intense culture, 172; Iroquois, 170

Tribal groups, Chibcha area, 229-230; Eastern Woodland area, 220; Inca area, 231; intermediate in culture, California, 212-213; Mackenzie area, 217; Maya, 227; nomadic peoples of the Southwest, 226; Plains area, 206, 207, 208; Southeastern area, 222; Southwestern area, 224, 226

Tribes, historic, 206

Tribute, brought to Mexico City, 39