Hab. Hermite Island, Cape Horn; from the sea to the mountain tops. Falkland Islands; very abundant. Var. /3. barren rocks near the top of Kater's peak.
This species was also found abundantly in Lord Auckland's group and Campbell's Island, though omitted in the first part of the Flora Antarctica. It is further a native of New Zealand and Tasmania ; of North-west America, from California to Sitka, and we possess a specimen labelled as from the Mauritius.
Specifically, this differs from P.pliysodes only in the length of the lobes of the thallus, and these are so variable as to lead to some doubts of the validity of the species. In Tasmanian specimens the lobes are often much dilated and plane, the membranes of which it is composed, and which are normally inflated, being here, not only in contact, but firmly united together ; thus effecting a passage between this species and the forms to which P. perlata, &c. belong.
We have authentically named specimens of the North-west American P. pl/ysodes, /3. vittata, which is only a narrower state of P. enteromorplta. Norwegian specimens also of the latter plant appear to be clearly referable to this.
2. Parhelia cliatrypa, Ach.; Syn. Lich. p. 219. Engl. Bot.t. 124^8. Moug.etNestLn.Q5.
Hab. Hermite Island, Cape Horn ; on stems of bushes and on branches of trees, on the mountains. Chonos Archipelago, C. Darwin, Esq.
Probably only a small, or alpine, form of P. enteromorpha; it was found in similar situations in Lord Auckland's group, and on the top of Mount Wellington in Tasmania. Besides being a native of Great Britain and alpine situations in northern and midland Europe and of the Sandwich Islands.
3. Parhelia cincinmta, Ach.; Inch. Univ. p. 495. Syn. Lich. p. 219. (TAB.CXCVII.Fig.il.)
Hab. Staten Land, Menzies. Hermite Island, Cape Horn ; on rocks and trunks of trees above the limit of the evergreen Beech.
By the apothecia this beautifid species may be distinguished, both from P. diatrypa and P. enteromorplia, some of our specimens, indeed, are on the same piece of wood with P. diatrypa, both retaining their characters. They entirely agree in every other respect with one collected by Menzies, except in being of a pale lemon colour.
Plate CXCVII. Fig. II. — 1, specimen of the natural size ; 2, portion of ditto ; 3, vertical section of apothecium ; 4, slice of lamina probgera ; 5, ascus ; 6 and 7, spores : — highly magnified.
4. Parhelia saxatilis, Ach.; Synops. p. 203. Engl.Bot. t. 603. Mougeot et Nestler, n. 347 and 738.
Hab. Hermite Island, Cape Horn, and the Falkland Islands ; abundant on alpine rocks. Cockburn Island, Graham's Land; very scarce.
None of these specimens are in fruit, but they accord perfectly with Scottish and other European examples. The lobes of the thallus vary a good deal in size and colour, according to exposure. What is bebeved to be this plant was seen at Cockburn Island, on the verge of Antarctic vegetation, but, as the specimens were lost previous to comparison, some doubt may be entertained of the correctness of this habitat. Besides being abundant throughout Europe, advancing as far north in Spitzbergen as vegetation extends, and in Temperate and North America, this species has been found on the Mexican Andes, on the barren grounds bordering the Polar Sea, and also in the Arctic Islands.
5. Parhelia rubiginosa, Ach.; Lich. Univ. p. 467. Engl.Bot. t. 983. Var. /3. sphinctrina. P. sphinctrina, Mont, in Toy. au Bole Sud, Bot. Crypt, p. 180. t. 45. f. 3.
Hab. Var. 0. Hermite Island, Cape Horn ; on trunks of trees.
