father's funeral. Nowadays such devotion is found only in books and traditions. The funeral procession forms in the late afternoon, and a start is made just at twilight. The reason for this is that at this hour the streets are less likely to be crowded; it is the quiet time of the day, and the spirit of the dead is less liable to be disturbed by the street cries and by the shouts of hucksters. It seems from this as if the Koreans believe that the spirit of the dead still accompanies the dead body.
First in the procession come two men abreast, dragging after them torches made of brushwood. The lighted ends trail on the ground, leaving a wake of sparks. Now and again they will raise the torches and whirl them about their heads until they break into flame again. Behind these comes the procession between two lines of lantern-bearers, each lantern being made of an iron frame, over which is draped red and blue gauze silk. This silk prevents the candles being blown out by the wind, but it is quite diaphanous.
First in the procession proper comes the master of ceremonies mounted on a horse, and behind him marches a man bearing aloft the myungjung, or banner, inscribed with the name and honours of the deceased. Then comes a line of lanterns across the street, connecting the lines of lanterns on the sides. Then comes a sort of cabinet or shrine, containing the spirit box and the spirit master or tablet. On either side of it march the female slaves of the deceased, with enormous piles of hair on their heads. They may number from two to half a dozen. Then, after another line of lanterns, comes the catafalque, which surges along slowly upon a mass of writhing shoulders, the bearers chanting a weird song, which enables them to keep in step. They have been given copious draughts of wine, and it is only their numbers that keep them on their feet. If the deceased is of high rank, a man will be standing on the bier on the front of the casket, and ringing a bell and marking time for the bearers, and another stands at the back for the same purpose.
Along either side of the catafalque walk a number of banner
