104 STAT. 810 PUBLIC LAW 101-392—SEPT. 25, 1990 tors, the Secretary is authorized to award a grant or grants for the establishment of 1 or 2 national centers in the areas of— "(A) applied research and development; and "(B) dissemination and training. "(2)(A) Each entity selected to establish and operate a Center pursuant to paragraph (1) shall operate such Center for a period of 5 years. "(B) Beginning after December 31, 1992, the Secretary shall award an annual grant to the National Center or Centers selected pursuant to paragraph (1) for each of the 5 years such National Center is operated. After the third year in which the National Center or Centers receive a grant under this section the Secretary shall review the research priorities of the National Center or Centers. "(3) Of the amount available pursuant to section 451(a)(l) for purposes of carrying out this section, at least % of such amount shall be available for applied research and development. "(4)(A) The Secretary shall hold a competition at the same point in time for the grant or grants for the activities described in paragraph (1). Any institution of higher education or consortium of such institutions may compete for either or both sets of activities. "(B) For the purpose of this section the term 'institution of higher education' has the same meaning as provided by section 435(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965. "(5) If an institution or consortium demonstrates that it can effectively carry out both activities either directly or through contracting, such institution or consortium shall be given a pref- erence in the grant selection. If no institution or consortium demonstrates such capability and 2 grants are awarded, the Secretary must assure coordination of the activities under both grants. "(6) Not more than 10 percent of each year's budget for the Center or for each of the Centers may be used to respond to field-initiated needs unanticipated prior to the annual funding period and which are in the mission of the Center but not part of the scope of work of the grant. "(7) The National Center in existence on the date of the enactment of the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act Amendments of 1990 shall continue to operate through its 5-year cycle ending December 31, 1992. "(b) ACTIVITIES.— (1) The applied research and development activities shall include— "(A) economic changes that affect the skills which employers seek and entrepreneurs need; "(B) integration of academic and vocational education; "(C) efficient and effective practices for addressing the needs of special populations; "(D) efficient and effective methods for delivering vocational education; "(E) articulation of school and college instruction with high quality work experience; "(F) recruitment, education, and enhancement of vocational teachers and other professionals in the field; "(G) accountability processes in vocational education, to include identification and evaluation of the use of appropriate performance standards for student, program, and State-level outcomes; "(H) effective practices that educate students in all gispects of the industry the students are preparing to enter;
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