PUBLIC LAW 103-382—CKIT. 20, 1994 108 STAT. 3851 "(B) programs designed to test efforts to increase the professionalization of teachers or to bring teachers up to national voluntary standards; "(C) alternative routes to certification for qualified individuals from business, the military, and other fields; "(D) efforts to recruit and retain teachers, particularly minority teachers, specializing in critical shortage areas, including early childhood teachers, mathematics and science teachers, and special education and bilingual teachers; "(E) upgrading the skills of teacher aides and paraprofessionals to permit such individuals to become certified teachers; "(F) activities specifically designed to increase the number of minority teachers in urban schools; "(G) incentives for teachers to work in inner-city public schools; and "(H) collaborative activities with urban universities to revise and upgrade teacher training programs; "(6) provide for ongoing steiff development to increase the professional capacities of the teaching staff and the skills of teacher aides and paraprofessionals; "(7) decrease the use of drugs and alcohol among urban public school students and enhance the physical and emotional health of such students, such as— "(A) activities designed to improve the self-esteem and self-worth of urban public school students; "(B) the provision of health care services and other social services and the coordination of such services with other health care providers; "(C) programs designed to improve safety and discipline and reduce in-school violence, vandalism, and gang activity; "(D) activities that begin in the early grades and are designed to prevent drug and alcohol abuse and smoking among students and teachers; "(E) collaborative activities with other agencies, businesses, and community groups to discourage the advertisement and glorification of drugs and alcohol; "(F) efforts to enhance health education and nutrition education; and "(G) alternative public schools, and schools-withinschools programs, including bilingual and special education programs for public school students with special needs; or "(8) plan, develop, operate, or expand programs and activities that are designed to assist urban public schools in meeting the National Education Goals, including— "(A) training of teachers and other educational personnel in subject areas, or in instructional technology and methods that will improve the delivery of services in urban settings and assist in the achievement of the National Education Groals, including staff development efforts that emphasize multicultural and gender and disability biasfree curricula; "(B) coordination and collaboration with other municipal agencies, child care organizations, universities, or the private sector;
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