90 STAT. 2038
PUBLIC LAW 94-469—OCT. 11, 1976 (B) restrain any person from taking any action prohibited by section 5 or 6 or by a rule or order under section 5 or 6, (C) compel the taking of any action required by or under this Act, or (D) direct any manufacturer or processor of a chemical substance or mixture manufactured or processed in violation of section 5 or 6 or a rule or order under section 5 or 6 and distributed in commerce, (i) to give notice of such fact to distributors in commerce of such substance or mixture and, to the extent reasonably ascertainable, to other persons in possession of such substance or mixture or exposed to such substance or mixture, (ii) to give public notice of such risk of injury, and (iii) to either replace or repurchase such substance or mixture, whichever the person to which the requirement is directed elects. (2) A civil action described in paragraph (1) may be brought— (A) in the case of a civil action described in subparagraph (A) of such paragraph, in the United States district court for the judicial district wherein any act, omission, or transaction constituting a violation of section 15 occurred or wherein the defendant is found or transacts business, or (B) in the case of any other civil action described in such paragraph, in the United States district court for the judicial district wherein the defendant is found or transacts business. In any such civil action process may be served on a defendant in any judicial district in which a defendant resides or may be found. Subpoenas requiring attendance of witnesses in any such action may be served in any judicial district. (b) SEIZURE.—Any chemical substance or mixture which was manufactured, processed, or distributed in commerce in violation of this Act or any rule promulgated or order issued under this Act or any article containing such a substance or mixture shall be liable to be proceeded against, by process of libel for the seizure and condemnation of such substance, mixture, or article, in any district court of the United States within the jurisdiction of which such substance, mixture, or article is found. Such proceedings shall conform as nearly as possible to proceedings in rem in admiralty.
15 USC 2617.
SEC. 18. PREEMPTION. (a) EFFECT ON STATE LAW.— (1) Except as provided in paragraph
(2), nothing in this Act shall affect the authority of any State or political subdivision of a State to establish or continue in effect regulation of any chemical substance, mixture, or article containing a chemical substance or mixture. (2) Except as provided in subsection (b) — (A) if the Administrator requires by a rule promulgated under section 4 the testing of a chemical substance or mixture, no State or political subdivision may, after the effective date of such rule, establish or continue in effect a requirement for the testing of such substance or mixture for purposes similar to those for which testing is required under such rule; and (B) if the Administrator prescribes a rule or order under section 5 or 6 (other than a rule imposing a requirement described in subsection (a)(6) of section 6) which is applicable to a chemical substance or mixture, and which is designed to protect against a risk of injury to health or the environment associated with such substance or mixture, no State or political subdivision of a State may, after the effective date of such requirement, establish or continue in effect, any requirement which is applicable to such substance or mixture, or an article containing such substance or mix-
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