PUBLIC LAW 96-283—JUNE 28, 1980
94 STAT. 557
(B) any corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, or other entity organized or existing under the laws of any of the United States; and (C) any corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, or other entity (whether organized or existing under the laws of any of the United States or a foreign nation) if the controlling interest in such entity is held by an individual or entity described in subparagraph (A) or (B). TITLE I—REGULATION OF EXPLORATION AND COMMERCIAL RECOVERY BY UNITED STATES CITIZENS SEC. 101. PROHIBITED ACTIVITIES BY UNITED STATES CITIZENS. (a) PROHIBITED ACTIVFTIES AND EXCEPTIONS.—(1) No United
30 USC 1411.
States citizen may engage in any exploration or commercial recovery unless authorized to do so under— (A) a license or a permit issued under this title; (B) a license, permit, or equivalent authorization issued by a reciprocating state; or (C) an international agreement which is in force with respect to the United States. (2) The prohibitions of this subsection shall not apply to any of the following activities: (A) Scientific research, including that concerning hard mineral resources. (B) Mapping, or the taking of any geophysical, geochemical, oceanographic, or atmospheric measurements or random bottom samplings of the deep seabed, if such taking does not significantly alter the surface or subsurface of the deep seabed or significantly affect the environment. (C) The design, construction, or testing of equipment and facilities which will or may be used for exploration or commercial recovery, if such design, construction, or testing is conducted on shore, or does not involve the recovery of any but incidental hard mineral resources. (D) The furnishing of machinery, products, supplies, services, or materials for any exploration or commercial recovery conducted under a license or permit issued under this title, a license or permit or equivalent authorization issued by a reciprocating state, or under an international agreement. (E) Activities, other than exploration or commercial recovery activities, of the Federal Government. (b) EXISTING EXPLORATION.—(1) Subsection (a)(1)(A) shall not be deemed to prohibit any United States citizen who is engaged in exploration before the effective date of this Act from continuing to engage in such exploration— (A) if such citizen applies for a license under section 103(a) with respect to such exploration within such reasonable period of time, after the date on which initial regulations to implement section 103(a) are issued, as the Administrator shall prescribe; and (B) until such license is issued to such citizen or a final administrative or judicial determination is made affirming the denial of certification of the application for, or issuance of, such license. (2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), if the President by Executive Suspension of order determines that immediate suspension of exploration activities exploration.
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