96 STAT. 388
PUBLIC LAW 97-248—SEPT. 3, 1982 any act performed by any duly licensed doctor of medicine, osteopathy, or dentistry in the exercise of his profession. "RIGHT TO HEARING AND JUDICIAL REVIEW
42 USC 1320C-4. 42 USC 1395.
42 USC 405.
"SEC. 1155. Any beneficiary who is entitled to benefits under title XVIII, and any practitioner or provider, who is dissatisfied with a determination made by a contracting peer review organization in conducting its review responsibilities under this part, shall be entitled to a reconsideration of such determination by the reviewing organization. Where the reconsideration is adverse to the beneficiary and where the matter in controversy is $200 or more, such beneficiary shall be entitled to a hearing by the Secretary (to the same extent as is provided in section 205(b)), and, where the amount in controversy is $2,000 or more, to judicial review of the Secretary's final decision. OBLIGATIONS OF HEALTH CARE PRACTITIONERS AND PROVIDERS OF HEALTH CARE SERVICES; SANCTIONS AND PENALTIES; HEARINGS AND REVIEW
42 USC 1320C-5.
"SEC. 1156. (a) It shall be the obligation of any health care practitioner and any other person (including a hospital or other health care facility, organization, or agency) who provides health care services for which payment may be made (in whole or in part) under title XVIII, to assure, to the extent of his authority that services or items ordered or provided by such practitioner or person to beneficiaries and recipients under such title— "(1) will be provided economically and only when, and to the extent, medically necessary; "(2) will be of a quality which meets professionally recognized standards of health care; and "(3) will be supported by evidence of medical necessity and quality in such form and fashion and at such time as may reasonably be required by a reviewing peer review organization in the exercise of its duties and responsibilities. "(b)(1) If after reasonable notice and opportunity for discussion with the practitioner or person concerned, any organization having a contract with the Secretary under this part determines that such practitioner or person has— "(A) failed in a substantial number of cases substantially to comply with any obligation imposed on him under subsection (a), or "(B) grossly and flagrantly violated any such obligation in one or more instances, such organization shall submit a report and recommendations to the Secretary. If the Secretary agrees with such determination, and determines that such practitioner or person, in providing health care services over which such organization has review responsibility and for which payment (in whole or in part) may be made under title XVIII, has demonstrated an unwillingness or a lack of ability substantially to comply with such obligations, the Secretary (in addition to any other sanction provided under law) may exclude (permanently or for such period as the Secretary may prescribe) such practitioner or person from eligibility to provide such services on a reimbursable basis. If the Secretary fails to act upon the recommendations submitted to him by such organization within 120
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