Shulchan Aruch/Yoreh Deah/112
| ←111 | Shulchan Aruch by Yoreh Deah 112: Laws regarding bread of idolaters |
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Laws regarding bread of idolaters |
דיני פת של עובדי כוכבים |
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Paragraph 1 — The sages forbade eating the bread of idol worshippers because of the concern of intermarriage. Rem"a: and even in a situation where there is no concern of intermarriage, it is [nonetheless] forbidden. (Rashb"a §248) However, they only forbade bread made from the Five Grains (wheat, barley, oats, rye, spelt), but bread made from legumes or from rice or millet is not in the category of "regular bread" which they forbade. Rem"a: It is also not forbidden on account of [being] "Idolaters' Cooking," if it would not be served at kings' tables (Tur and Beit Yosef in the name of the Rosh's responsa). |
סעיף א — אסרו חכמים לאכול פת של עובדי כוכבים, משום חתנות. (ואפילו במקום דליכא משום חתנות, אסור (רשב"א סימן רמ"ח). ולא אסרו אלא פת של חמשת מיני דגן, אבל פת של קטניות ושל אורז ודוחן, אינו בכלל פת סתם שאסרו. הגה: וגם אינו אסור משום בישולי עובדי כוכבים, אם אינו עולה על שלחן מלכים (טור וב"י בשם תשו' הרא"ש). |
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Paragraph 2 — There are places that are lenient about this, [where] they buy bread from an idolater's bakery in a situation where there is no Jewish bakery, since this is considered a "time of pressing need." Rem"a: And some say that even in a place where "Jews' bread" can be found, it is permitted (Beit Yosef following the Mordechai; Sefer Mitzvot Hakatan; Hagaot Ashri; Mahar"i; Issur VeHeter §44). But regarding the bread of [idolater] home-owners, noone rules leniently, since the essence of the decree is because of the concern of intermarriage, and if one eats the bread of [idolatrous] home-owners, he will come to dine by them. Rem"a: However, it is not called "home-owners' bread" unless he made it for the people of his own household, but if he made it to sell, it is called 'palter' (bakers' bread), even if he doesn't normally [sell bread]; conversely, a baker who made [bread] for himself, it is considered "home-owners' [bread]." |
סעיף ב — יש מקומות שמקילין בדבר ולוקחים פת מנחתום העובד כוכבים, במקום שאין שם נחתום ישראל, מפני שהיא שעת הדחק. (וי"א דאפילו במקום שפת ישראל מצוי, שרי) (ב"י לדעת המרדכי וסמ"ק והג"א ומהרי"א ואו"ה ריש כלל מ"ד). אבל פת של בעלי בתים, אין שם מי שמורה בה להקל, שעיקר הגזירה משום חתנות, ואם יאכל פת בעלי בתים יבא לסעוד אצלם. הגה: ולא מקרי פת בעל הבית, אלא אם עשאו לבני ביתו, אבל עשאו למכור, מיקרי פלטר. אע"פ שאין דרכו בכך. וכן פלטר שעשאו לעצמו, מקרי בעל הבית (כך משמע בב"י). |
Paragraph 12:
If a non-Jew cooked bread without a Jew stoking [the fire during the cooking process] and without [a Jew throwing into the fire] a woodchip, even if the bread had formed an outer skin while in the oven, a Jew stoking [the flame] is efficacious [to permit the bread], so long as the bread still needs [to be in] the oven and it is improving. There is one who says that even if one has removed the bread, there is a way to fix it, which is for a Jew to return it to the oven, if it improves [through its additional time in the oven].
Paragraph 13:
In the situation where a Jew who is not careful about eating bread made by non-Jews (pat aku”m) goes to eat at the house of another Jew who is careful about not eating pat aku”m, and on the table sits one loaf of bread made by a Jew (pat yisrael) and one of pat ak”um, which is a better loaf than that made by a Jew, the homeowner should break the bread and do the motzi over the better one [which was made by a non-Jew] and he is then permitted for that entire meal to eat the pat aku”m.
