A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature/פחם - פחת
השמש מפני הנשים פני נתפחמו the faces of the (Jewish) women had become black &c. Ib.s. 19, beg. ... פששן ככלי וכ׳ קימעא מתפחמין (a scholar's reputation is) like the fine linen clothes from Bethshan, if they are in the least stained, tthey are ruined; Koh. R. to I, 18 וכ׳ נתפחמו אאם. Ib. פחמו אס (al). Deut. R. s. 1 ידיה ונתפחמו and her hands were soiled with soot; מתפחם . . מקנחת אם if she wipes her hands on the wall, the wall will be soiled; a. fr.
פחם, v. פחים.
פחם, פיחם m. (b. h.; נפח or פוח) that which is used for kindling, charcoal. Sabb. II, 5 פ׳ עושה שהוא מפני because (by extinguishing the light) he makes kindling material, ii. e. prepares the wick for easier lighting (v. הבהב). Ib. 31b. Koh. R. to IX, 8 לפחמו נפח the smith (the charcoalh- burner) turns tto his coal. Ib. to VII, 1; Yalk. Josh. 35, v. פוצם; a. fr. -- Pl. פחמין, פי׳. Tosef. Maas. Sh. V, 13; Y.b. V, beg. 55a, v. פחם. Tosef. Bets. III, 14 וכ׳ פ׳ עושין אין you must not make charcoal (prepare kindling material) even for immediate use (on the Holy Day). Mikv. IX, 2 וכ׳ בפ׳ . . . יטבול לא one must not immerse a kettle with remnants of coal in it (which had been put there to be extinguished in water), unless one washes it again, Maim.; [oth. opin.; with the soot on it, but he must scrape it off. Koh. R. to I, 8 מלאה.. . ההמת אותה ועל האיש... לכו פ go ye and pray for this man (me), and for this bag formerly flled with precious stones and pearls, and now with pieces of coal; a. e.
פחמי m. (preced.) charcoal-burner, also smith. Ber. 28a, v. נכר; (Y. ib. IV, 7a top מחטין עביד making needles).
פחס (cmp. פחת) [to drive into,] 1) to batter, beat out of shape. Ab. Zar. IV, 5 חיסרה שלא אעפ פחסה if he smashed the face of the idol, although he did not lessen its substance. Ib. 42a. Lev. R. s. 7, beg. נוטל אהרן שהיה בפניהם ופוחסו קורנס (not קרבנם) Aaron took a hammmer and smashed it (the golden calf) in their presence; Yalk. ib. 479 זפיתחו . . . הקכ'ה שהיה (corr. acc.); Yalk. Prov. 946 ופותחו הפנקס את . . הקבוה (corr. acc., or ופוחתו); a. e. - 2) (of liquids) to dash into, to cause commotion, stir up. Ab. Zar. 72b צלוחיתו פחמתו his bowl, which was filled to the brim through a syphon, pressed the wine back into the tube and thus stirred the whole mass up; ib. 56b (I may also say) בורו פחסתו the vat into which the net (גרגותני) was thrown set the wine in commotion. -- Chald. v. פחש.
פחר, פחרא m. (פחר to hollow out, scrape) =חסף II, 1) clay; דפ׳ מאן, פ׳ מן an earthen vessel. Targ. IChr. XIV, 11. Targ. Y. Ex. XII, 22 (not דא . . .). Targ. Y. Lev. XIV, 50 (not דפחד); a. fr. - 2) a fragment of a clay vessel, potsherd. Targ. Job II, 8. Targ. Ps. XXII, 16; a. e.
פחרא, פחרא m. (preced.) potter. Targ.Is. XXIX, 16. Ib. XXX, 14 (not פסרא); a. e.
פחש=h. פחס. Part. paes. פחיש flat-nosed. Targ. Y. Lev. XXI, 18 Ar. (ed. בחוטמיה לקי; h. text חרם). -Gen. R. a. 53 ליה פחיש אנא . אין iff I put my fnger on him, I smash him; Yalk. Deut. 810 יתיה אנא פחי. פחת 1) to hollow out, dig. Bets. IV, 41032a) פוחתין אין הנר את (Mish. פיתחין, corr. acc.) you must not hollow out a lump of clay to make it a candlestick (on the Holy Day). Ib. 3 לכתחלה פוחת he may start to dig out (take out closely packed fruit), v. infra. Mikv. IV, 5 פחתוה they hollowed it out (widened the aperture in the rock through which the water came forth); Y. Yeb. I, end, 3b (Bab. ib. 15a הרחיבוה). Mikv. l. c. רובה שיפחות עד (ed. Dehr. a. Mish. ed. שיפחתו עד) until the larger portion of the aperture is chiselled out; Y. Yeb. l. c. רובה את שיפחות; Bab. ib. l. c. ברובה שתיפחת; a. e. - 2) to diminish, lessen, decrease, opp. הוסיף. Mekh. Yithro, Bahod., s. 2 תפחות טלא תוסיף ולא from which you must not diminish, and to which you must not add. Sabb. 21b והולך פוחת one kindles one light less every night. Meg. IV, 1, sq. וכ׳ פוחתין אאין we call up no less (than the number named) nor more. Y. Yeb. IV, 6a bot. וכ׳ פוחתת אינה פוחתת (ה) חמרתה a sheass, if short (whose period of pregnance is the shortest possible) gives birth not earlier than a lunar year from conception, if long, not later than a solar year; Y. Nidd. I, 49b top. Pes. X, 1 וכ׳ מארבע לו יפחתו ולא and they must give him (the poor man) no less than four cupfuls of wine. B. Kam. 85b בדמים הפוחתתו שבת (not הפח׳) if the idleness enforced by being wounded has also the effect of lessening his value (if he were to be sold as a slave). Shek. V, 4 לו פחתו בחתו אם Y. ed. (differ. in Mishn. ed.) if money is missing, the loss is his. Tanh. B'eh 10 וכ׳ היא ופחתה עשרה הוא פ׳ he gave ten measures less as tithe, and it (he field) yielded one hundred less; Yalk. Deut. 892; a. v. fr. -- [Tanb. l. c. פחת מי, v. next w.- V. פחות. Pi. פיחת same, 1) to diminish, lessen. Ter. I)V, 4 פי׳ וכ׳ עשרה (Y. ed, פחת) if he set aside as T'rumah ten fractions less (than V (, i. e. o), or ten fractions more (. e. ff)), Maim.; [R. S. if he reduced tthe divisor by en (i. e. set aside ו.oo), or increased the divisor by ten (i. e. set aside e); Y. ib. 42a bot. מעשרה אחר דשוחת. -- 2) to be dimmainished, lose. Lev. R. s. 2 וכ׳ כבודי פי׳ כלום has my glory or my majesty lost anything &c.? Nif. נפחת 1)to be hollowed out, broken through. Yeb. 15a שתיפחת, v. supra. Hull. 45a כדלת נפחתה if a piece of the windpipe is broken throagh in the shape of a door (split on three sides and attached by the fourth side). Bets. IV, 3 ו׳ בית a room which was packed with fruits and closed up (with bricks), and which was burst open (the bricks giving way to the pressure), v. supra. - 2) to be reduced in size, numbers &c.; to be lowered. Succ. 18a בית שנ׳ a building which has been reduced (the walls of which have given way partly). Sot. 5a bot. ׳ לבסוף . . אדם כל every man in whom there is haughtiness, will finally be lowered; a. e. Hif.הפחית 1) to lessen, wear outt, damage. Y. B. Mets. II, 8d top שמפחיתן מפני . . . נחשת כלי if one found copper vessels (keeping them until the owner be found), he may use them for hot water, but not over fire, because he wears them out; (Bab. ib. 30a שמשחיקן); a. e. - 2) (denom.