Handbook of the Swatow Vernacular/Exercises (Lesson VII)

by Lim Hiong Seng

Lesson VII.
Exercises.

section I.

世間

Sì-kan

天下

Thiⁿ-ẽ

The world.

天

Thiⁿ

Heaven.

地

Tī

Earth.

山

Suaⁿ

A hill, a mountain.

海

Hái

Sea.

大海

Tūa-hái

Ocean.

水

Tsúi

Water.

海墘

Hái-kîⁿ

Sea-coast, sea-side.

塗

Thôu

Earth, ground.

樹

Chhiū

Trees.

葉

Hiéh

Leaves.

大石

Tūa-chiéh

Rocks.

石

Chiéh

石部

Chiéh-põu

Stones.

沙

Sua

Sand.

人

Nâng

Mankind.

男人

Ta-pou

Male.

女人

Tsṳ-níeⁿ

Female.

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世間個人是惡

Sì-kan kâi nâng sĩak

The people in the world are wicked.

天下是闊

Thiⁿ-ẽ sĩ khuah

The world is broad.

上帝在天。人在地

Siãng-tì tõ thiⁿ, nâng tõ tĩ.

God is in heaven, and men are on earth.

天在上。地在下

Thiⁿ tõ chīeⁿ, tī tò ẽ

Heaven is above, and earth is below.

山是高。海是深

Suaⁿ sĩ tûiⁿ, hái sĩ chhim

Mountains are high, and seas are deep.

大海個水藍

Tūa-hái kâi tsúi nâm

The waters of the oceans are blue.

海墘有人行

Hái-kîⁿ ũ nâng kiáⁿ

There are people walking on the sea-side.

塗袂肥

Thôu bōi-pûi

The soil is not fertile.

樹袂發

Chhiū bõi-huat

The trees do not grow.

葉在脫。樹要死

Hiéh tõ lut, chhiū àiⁿ-sí

The leaves are falling, and the trees are withering.

在海墘有大石

Tõ hái-kîⁿ ũ tūa-chiéh

There are rocks on the sea-side;

有石部。有沙

Ũ chiéh-põu, ũ sua

There are stones, and there is sand.

人在世不久

Nâng tõ sì m̄-kú

Man is not long in the world.

男人愈壯過女人

Ta-pou zú-tsàng kùe tsṳ-niêⁿ

Man is stronger than woman.

有個女人愈賢過男人

Ũ-kâi tsṳ-niêⁿ zú-gâu kùe ta-pou

Some women are cleverer than men.

在祖家有多多女人。賢過男人

Tõ Tsóu-ke ũ ke-ke tsu-niêⁿ, gâu kùe ta-pou

There are many ladies in England cleverer than men.

唐人個女人少少識字

Tn̂g-nâng kâi tsṳ-niêⁿ chié-chié pat-jī

Very few Chinese ladies can read.

院個女人俱皆識字

Ún--kâi tsṳ-niêⁿ lóng-tsóng pat-jī

Our ladies can all read.

section II.

日

Jít

Sun.

月

Guéh

Moon.

星

Chheⁿ

Stars.

風

Huang

Wind.

雨

Hõu

Rain.

雲

Hûn

Clouds.

虹

Khẽng

Rainbow.

雷

Lûi

雷公

Lûi-kong

Thunder, lightning.

風颱

Huang-thai

Typhoon.

湧

Éng

Waves.

流水

Lâu-tsúi

Tide.

流漲

Lâu tĩⁿ

Flood-tide.

流退

Lâu khó

Ebb-tide.

日出或未

Jít tshut a-būe?

Has the sun risen?

未

Būe

Not yet.

月無日向光

Guéh bô jít hièⁿ-kng

The moon is not so bright as the sun.

月在浮

Guéh tõ phû

The moon is rising.

漸漸高

Khuaⁿ-khuaⁿ kûiⁿ

It is getting higher and higher by degrees.

星閃閃光

Chheⁿ iáp-iáp-sih

The stars are twinkling.

風大

Huang tūa

The wind is blowing hard.

彼欉大樹被風吹倒去

Hṳ́-tsâng tū-a-chhiū khoih huang tshue tó--khṳ̀

That large tree has been blown down by the wind.

雨要來

Hõu àiⁿ-lâi

The rain is coming.

雷公响

Lûi-kong tán

The thunder roars.

雷公攝目。了正响

Lûi-kong nih-mák, lióu chiàⁿ-tân

The lightning flashes first, then the thunder roars.

雨定着是大

Hõu tiāⁿ-tiéh sĩ tūa

The rain is sure to be a heavy one.

唐人講究雷公不對

Tn̂g-nâng káng-kiù lûi-kong m̄-tùi

What the Chinese discuss about the lightning is not correct.

唐人此事不曉

Tn̂g-nâng chí-kâi sū m̄-hióu

The Chinese do not understand about this matter.

英國人就曉

Eng-kok-nâng chiũ-hióu

The English understand.

虹有多多色

Khẽng ũ ke-ke sek

The rainbow has many colours.

肩紅有白有藍有青有黄

Ũ âng, ũ péh, ũ nâm, ũ chheⁿ, ũ n̂g

It has red, white, blue, green and yellow.

還了有

Huân-lióu ũ

It has some more.

是雅在

Sĩ ngiá-tsãi

It is very beautiful.

咱所有個色是從虹處來

Nán só-ũ kâi sek sĩ tshông khẽng--kò lâi

The colours which we have, come from the rainbow.

流漲或是退

Lâu tĩⁿ a-sĩ khó?

Is it high tide or ebb tide?

流退

Lâu khó

It is ebb tide.

海有湧否

Hái ũ éng mē?

Are there any waves in the sea?

有。湧袂大

Ũ, éng bõi-tūa

Yes, the waves are not big.

風颱時荒險

Huang-thai sĩ hong-hiám

The typhoon is dangerous.

section III.

冰霜

Piaⁿ-sng

Ice.

雪

Soh

Snow.

濛烟

Mông-in

Mist.

露水

Lōu-tsúi

Dew.

雹

Phák

Hail.

菰

Kou

Mould.

天時

Thiⁿ-sî

Weather.

四季

Sì-khùi

The four seasons.

春

Tshun

Spring.

夏

Hē

Summer.

秋

Chhiu

Autumn.

冬

Tang

Winter.

冰霜是寒在

Piaⁿ-sng sĩ ngân-tsãi

Ice is very cold?

雪敢是愈寒

Soh kàⁿ-sĩ zú-ngân

Snow is perhaps colder.

咱此處罕得有雪

Nán--chié hán--tit ũ soh

We seldom have snow at our place here.

日一出濛烟就散

Jít chék-ē tshut mông-in chiũ-sùaⁿ

When the sun rises the mist disperses.

樹無露水袂活

Chhiū bô lōu-tsúi bõi-uáh

The trees will not grow without dew.

許久咱此處不識有落雹

Hoh-kú nán--chié m̄-pat ũ lóh-phák

For a long time we have not had hail here.

冬天貧窮人是悽慘

Tang--thiⁿ khiou-kiáⁿ nâng sĩ chhi-tshám

In Winter the poor are miserable.

富個人則穿煖

Pù--kâi-nâng li chhēng-sie

But the rich are warmly clad.

冬天冷在

Tang--thiⁿ chhiⁿ-tsai

In Winter it is very cold.

夏天就𤍠

Hē--thiⁿ chiũ-zuáh

But in Summer it is hot.

壹年有四季

Chék-nîⁿ ũ sì-khùi

There are four seasons in a year.

在祖家夏天無此處向𤍠

Tõ Tsóu-ke Hē--thiⁿ bô chié hi èⁿ-zuáh

In England the Summer is not so hot as here.

冬天愈冷此處

Tang--thiⁿ zú-chhiǹ chié

In Winter it is colder than here.

在祖家壹年春天是上好

Tõ tsóu-ke chék-nîⁿ Tshun--thiⁿ sĩ siãng-hó

In England Spring is the best of the year.

春天到來草俱皆發

Tshun--thiⁿ kàu--lâi, tsháu lóng-tsóng huat

When Spring comes, all the grass grow.

section IV.

明早

Mêng-khí

Morning.

中午

Jít-tàu

Noon.

夜昏

Mêⁿ-hng

Evening.

上午

Chiēⁿ-kùa

Forenoon.

下午

Ẽ-kùa

Afternoon.

夜昏子

Mêⁿ-hng-kiáⁿ

To-night (early.)

今夜

Ke-mêⁿ

To-night (rather late.)

日

Jít

Sun or day.

月

Guéh

Moon or month.

日間

Jít--kùa

In the day.

夜間

Mêⁿ--kùa

In the night.

日晏

Jít uàⁿ

Late in the day.

日暗

Jít àm

Late in the night.

半夜

Puàⁿ-mêⁿ

Midnight

三更半夜

Saⁿ-keⁿ puàⁿ-mêⁿ

Third watch or midnight, (meaning a very late hour at night.)

明早有人來或無

Mêng-khí ũ nâng lâi a-bô?

Did any body come this morning?

爾知或不知

Lṳ́ tsai a m̄-tsai?

Do you know or not?

我不知

Uá m̄-tsai.

I don't know.

中午我不在此處食

Jít-tàu uá m̄-tõ chié chiáh.

I am not going to take dinner here at noon.

我中午要去乞人請

Uá jít-tàu àiⁿ-khṳ̀ khoih-nâng-chhiáⁿ

I am invited out for noon.

爾何時正要轉來

Lṳ́ tiang-sî chiàⁿ-àiⁿ tńg--lâi?

When will you come back?

夜昏正轉來

Mêⁿ-hng chiàⁿ-tńg--lâi

I shall not be back until to-night.

或者下午亦不知

Pa-lak ẽ-kùa iā m̄-tsai

Perhaps in the afternoon, but I don't know.

今夜伊不在

Ke-mêⁿ i m̄-tõ

He shall not be at home to-night.

夜昏子伊要來我此處

Mêⁿ-hng-kiaⁿ iàiⁿ-lâi úa--kò

He is coming to my place to-night.

我請伊

Uá chhiáⁿ i

I have invited him.

伊作有幾多日工

I tsoh ũ jiéh-tsōi jít kang?

How many days' work has he done?

伊作有壹個月

I tsoh ũ chék-kâi guéh

He has worked one month.

伊日間作。夜間亦作

I jít--kùa tsoh, mêⁿ--kùa iā tsoh

He worked in the day, and he also worked in the night.

伊個工是重在

I kái khang-khùe sĩ tàng-tsãi

His work is very heavy.

日未暗

Jít būe-àm

It is not yet dark.

爾睡到日向晏正走起

Lṳ́ út-kàu jít hièⁿ-uáⁿ chiàⁿ-tsáu-khí

You have slept far into the day, before you got up.

下日爾不可睡到向晏

Ê-jít lṳ́ m̄-móⁿ út-kàu-hièⁿ uàⁿ

For the future, you must not sleep so late into the day.

日暗着去睡

Jít àm tiéh khṳ̀-út

When it is late at night, you must go to bed.

勿到半夜正去睡

Màiⁿ-kàu puàⁿ-méⁿ chiàⁿ-khṳ̀-út

Don't let it be midnight before you go to bed.

三更半夜勿去口

Saⁿ-keⁿ puàⁿ-mêⁿ màiⁿ-khṳ̀-kháu

Don't go out at such a late hour at night.

section V.

早

Tsá

Early.

早早

Tsá-tsá

Very early.

天光

Thiⁿ-kng

Day-break, dawn.

今日

Kiáⁿ-jít

To-day.

明天

Màⁿ-khí

To-morrow.

後日

Aũ--jít

Day after to-morrow.

大後日

Tūa--aũ-jít

A day later than above.

昨日

Tsa-jít

Yesterday.

昨夜

Tsa-mêⁿ

Last night.

日日

Jít-jít

排日

Pâi-jít

Every day.

明年

Mêⁿ-nîⁿ

Next year.

年年

Nî-niⁿ

排年

Pâi-niⁿ

Yearly.

終久

Tsong-kú

Always.

次次

Tsūa-tsūa

吓吓

Ē-ē

Every occasion.

明天早爾着早早走起

Màⁿ-mêng-khí lṳ́ tiéh tsá-tsá tsáu-khí

To-morrow morning, you must get up very early.

爾不可睡到日晏正走起

Lṳ́ m̄-móⁿ út-kàu jít uàⁿ chiàⁿ-tsáu-khí

You must not sleep until late in the day before you get up.

着早者

Tiéh tsá--chē

You must be early.

今。爾着憶得

Taⁿ, lṳ́ tiéh it-tit

Now, you must remember.

不可不憶得

M̄-móⁿ m̄-it-tit

Don't forget.

好。我天光就要走起

Hó. Uá thiⁿ-kng chiũ àiⁿ tsáu-khí

Very well. As soon as day-break I will get up.

今日我不閒

Kiáⁿ-jít uá m̄ oíⁿ

I am busy to-day.

明天正來

Màⁿ-khí chiàⁿ-lâi

Come to-morrow.

明天隨何時

Màⁿ-khí zuãn tiang-si

Any time to-morrow.

好了。爾好去

Hó--lō, lṳ́ hó-khṳ̀

That will do, you may go.

我今日終日在內

Uá kiáⁿ-jít thàng-jít tõ lāi

I am at home all to-day.

明天我不在

Màⁿ-khí uá m̄-tõ

I shall not be at home tomorrow.

爾免用來

Lṳ́ mín-ēng lâi

You need not come.

後日我就轉來

Aũ--jít uá chiũ tńg--lâi

I shall be back the day after to-morrow.

我次次來到覔爾不在

Uá tsūa-tsūa lâi-kàu tshūe lṳ́ m̄-tõ

On every occasion of my coming, I could not find you.

我昨日來。昨夜亦來

Uá tsa-jít lâi, tsa-mêⁿ iā lâi

I came yesterday, and last night as well.

伊終久是如此

I tsong-kú sĩ chièⁿ-seⁿ

He is always like this.

伊是惰。做事隨便做

I sĩ tuãⁿ, tsò-sṳ̄ chhìn-tshái tsò

He is idle, and does things carelessly.

爾下日不可如此

Lṳ́ ẽ-jít m̄-móⁿ chièⁿ-seⁿ

You must not be like this for the future.

爾着如此做

Lṳ́ tiéh chièⁿ-seⁿ muéh

You must do it like this.

着記得日日着如此

Tiéh kì-tit, jít-jít tiéh chièⁿ-seⁿ

You must remember, and every day do like this.

我年年着轉去

Uá nîⁿ-nîⁿ tiéh-tńg--khṳ̀

I must go home every year.

我明年要轉去

Uá mêⁿ-nîⁿ àiⁿ-tńg--khṳ̀

I shall go home next year.

壹年若是無轉去就不做得

Chék-nîⁿ nāⁿ-sĩ bô-tńg--khṳ̀ chiũ m̄-tsò-tit

It will not do, unless I go home once a year.