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Index:International Language.djvu

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TitleInternational Language: Past, Present & Future
AuthorWalter John Clark
Year1907
PublisherJ. M. Dent & Company
LocationLondon
Sourcedjvu
ProgressTo be proofread
TransclusionIndex not transcluded or unreviewed

AN INTERNATIONAL AUXILIARY LANGUAGE

NOTE.—To avoid repeating the cumbrous phrase "international auxiliary language," the word auxiliary is usually omitted. It must be clearly understood that when "international" or "universal" language is spoken of, auxiliary is also implied.

PART I

General

CHAP. PAGE
I. Introductory 1
II. The Question of Principle—Economic Advantage of an International Language 4
III. The Question of Practice—An International Language is Possible 8
IV. The Question of Practice (continued)—An International Language is Easy 16
V. The Question of Practice (continued)—The Introduction of an International Language would not cause Dislocation 24
VI. International Action already taken for the Introduction of an Auxiliary Language 26
VII. Can the International Language be Latin? 33
VIII. Can the International Language be Greek? 35
IX. Can the International Language be a Modern Language? 36
X. Can the Evolution of an International Language be left to the Process of Natural Selection by Free Competition? 38
XI. Objections to an International Language on Aesthetic Grounds 40
XII. Will an International Language discourage the Study of Modern Languages, and thus be Detrimental to Culture?—Parallel with the Question of Compulsory Greek 46
XIII. Objection to an International Language on the Ground that it will soon split up into Dialects 49
XIV. Objection that the Present International Language (Esperanto) is too Dogmatic, and refuses to profit by Criticism 51
XV. Summary of Objections to an International Language 53
XVI. The Wider Cosmopolitanism—The Coming of Asia 57
XVII. Importance of an International Language for the Blind 61
XVIII. Ideal v. Practical 63
XIX. Literary v. Commercial 65
XX. Is an International Language a Crank's Hobby? 70
XXI. What an International Language is not 73
XXII. What an International Language is 73

PART II

Historical

I. Some Existing International Languages already in Partial Use 74
II. Outline of History of the Idea of a Universal Language—List of Schemes proposed 76
III. The Earliest British Attempt 87
IV. History of Volapük—a Warning 92
V. History of Idiom Neutral 98
VI. The Newest Languages: a Neo-Latin Group—Gropings towards a "Pan-European" Amalgamated Scheme 103
VII. History of Esperanto 105
VIII. Present State of Esperanto; (a) General (b) in England 121
IX. Lessons to be drawn from the Foregoing History 131

PART III

The Claims of Esperanto to be taken seriously: Considerations based on the Structure of the Language itself

I. Esperanto is scientifically constructed, and fulfils the Natural Tendency in Evolution of Language 135
II. Esperanto from an Educational Point of View—It will aid the learning of other Languages and stimulate Intelligence 145
III. Comparative Tables illustrating Labour saved in learning Esperanto as contrasted with other Languages: (a) Word-building; (b) Participles and Auxiliaries 155
IV. How Esperanto can be used as a Code Language to communicate with Persons who have never learnt it 161

PART IV

Specimens of Esperanto, with Grammar and Vocabulary

Note 165
I. Pronunciation 166
II. Specimens of Esperanto:
1. Parolado 167
2. La Marbordistoj 168
3. Nesaĝa Gento: Alegorio 168
III. Grammar 189
IV. List of Affixes 191
V. Table of Correlative Words 193
VI. Vocabulary 194

APPENDIX A

Sample Problems (see Part III., chap. ii.) in Regular Language 200

APPENDIX B

Esperanto Hymn by Dr. Zamenhof 202

APPENDIX C

The Letter c in Esperanto 204
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