Wikisource Page Game (step-by-step pagelist builder)
Open in Book2Scroll
Open file in BookReader
Purge file

Index:Open Skies (Kellermann).pdf

From Wikisource
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Title Open Skies: The National Radio Astronomy Observatory and Its Impact on US Radio Astronomy
Author Kenneth I. Kellermann, Ellen N. Bouton, and Sierra S. Brandt
Year 2020
Source pdf
Progress To be proofread
Transclusion Index not transcluded or unreviewed
Pages (key to Page Status)
i iii iv v vi vii viii ix x xi xii xiii xiv xv xvi xvii xviii xix xx xxi xxii xxiii xxiv 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645

Contents


1 A New Window on the Universe 1
1.1 Star Noise at the Telephone Company 1
1.2 Early Follow-Up to Jansky’s Discovery 18
1.3 Grote Reber and Cosmic Static 19
1.4 Impact of Karl Jansky and Grote Reber 25
Bibliography 31
2 The Postwar Explosion in Radio Astronomy: The US Falls Behind 35
2.1 Postwar Radio Astronomy 36
2.2 Radio Waves from the Sun  42
2.3 Radio Stars and Radio Galaxies 43
2.4 The 21 cm Hydrogen Line: The Beginning of Radio Spectroscopy 48
2.5 Early US University Radio Astronomy Programs 53
2.6 US Government and Military Radio Astronomy Programs 58
2.7 Private Initiatives 63
2.8 Why Did the US Fall Behind the UK and Australia? Or Did It? 65
Bibliography 70
3 A New Era in Radio Astronomy 77
3.1 The Business of Science 77
3.2 First Steps Toward a National Radio Astronomy Facility 86
3.3 Creating the National Observatory 108
3.4 Choosing the Site 123
3.5 Confrontation and Decision 130
Bibliography 154
4 Growing Pains 157
4.1 Finding a Director 158
4.2 Getting Started 162
4.3 The 85 Foot Tatel Radio Telescope (aka 85-1) 166
4.4 The 140 Foot Saga 170
4.5 The 300 Foot Transit Radio Telescope 196
4.6 Jumping Ship 200
4.7 Exodus from Green Bank 211
Bibliography 225
5 Is Anyone Out There? 229
5.1 Project Ozma 229
5.2 Cocconi and Morrison Paper 234
5.3 Reactions to Searching for Extraterrestrials 235
5.4 Development of the SETI Community 238
5.5 SETI After Project Ozma 242
5.6 SETI in the USSR 252
5.7 Continuing SETI Programs 254
Bibliography 260
6 The Bar Is Open 263
6.1 NRAO Reaches Maturity 263
6.2 First Scientific Studies 273
6.3 The Central Development Laboratory 280
6.4 Open Skies 284
6.5 Community Interactions 287
6.6 Growing Competition 289
6.7 Grote Reber Challenges NRAO 304
6.8 Changing Leadership 306
Bibliography 313
7 The Very Large Array 319
7.1 Background 319
7.2 Origins of the Very Large Array and the Owens Valley Array 325
7.3 The Green Bank Interferometer (GBI) 337
7.4 The NRAO-OVRO Wars 341
7.5 Choosing the VLA Site 352
7.6 Building the VLA 355
7.7 Transition to Operations 369
7.8 The Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) 375
Bibliography 386
8 VLBI and the Very Long Baseline Array 391
8.1 Independent-Oscillator-­Tape-Recording Interferometry 392
8.2 Penetrating the Iron Curtain 398
8.3 Faster than Light 402
8.4 Advanced VLBI Systems 404
8.5 VLBI Networks 408
8.6 Planning the VLBA 412
8.7 Funding the VLBA 415
8.8 Building the VLBA 425
8.9 Orbiting VLBI (OVLBI) 437
8.10 Reflections 442
Bibliography 454
9 The Largest Feasible Steerable Telescope 461
9.1 Early Discussions 461
9.2 International Challenges 464
9.3 The Sugar Grove Fiasco 469
9.4 The Largest Feasible Steerable Telescope Project 474
9.5 Challenges from California and Cambridge 481
9.6 A National Disaster Leads to a New Radio Telescope 483
9.7 Building the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) 505
Bibliography 530
10 Exploring the Millimeter Sky 533
10.1 First Attempts 534
10.2 The NRAO 36 Foot Millimeter Wave Telescope 535
10.3 Replacing the 36 Foot Telescope 546
10.4 US Industrial and University Millimeter Wave Astronomy Programs 552
10.5 International Challenges 558
10.6 The NRAO Millimeter Array (MMA) 561
10.7 The Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) 568
Bibliography 579
11 NRAO and Radio Astronomy in the Twenty-­First Century 583
11.1 New Discoveries and New Problems 583
11.2 Radio Astronomy and Optical Astronomy 586
11.3 NRAO and the US Radio Astronomy Community 588
11.4 Conflict and Collaboration 589
11.5 The National Radio Quiet Zone and Radio Frequency Spectrum Management 591
11.6 The Transition to “Big Science” 593
11.7 The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) 597
11.8 The Next Generation VLA (ngVLA)  606
11.9 Divestment 607
11.10 Lessons Learned 608
Bibliography 612
 
Appendix A: Abbreviations and Acronyms 615
Appendix B: NRAO Timeline 625
Index 631
Retrieved from "https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Index:Open_Skies_(Kellermann).pdf&oldid=11750852"