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Title The Greek and Eastern Churches
Author Walter Frederic Adeney
Year 1908
Publisher C. Scribner's sons
Location New York
Source djvu
Progress Proofread—All pages of the work proper are proofread, but not all are validated
Transclusion Advertising not transcluded
Pages (key to Page Status)
Cover - - - - - Pref Pref Adv Adv Series - Title - v vi vii viii ix x xi xii xiii xiv HTitle - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 Adv Adv Adv Adv Adv Adv Adv Adv Adv Adv Adv Adv - - - - - Cover

CONTENTS

  1. PAGES
  2. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    112
  3. PART I

    THE CHURCH AND THE EMPIRE

    DIVISION I

    THE AGE OF THE FATHERS

    CHAPTER I

    Christianity in the East under the Pagan Emperors

  4. The Apostolic Age—The Attitude of Rome—The Persecutions—Extent of the Church in the East
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    1326
  5. CHAPTER II

    Constantine the Great

  6. Accession of Constantine—Founding of Constantinople—Conversion of Constantine—The Edict of Milan—New Relations of Church and State
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    2740
  7. CHAPTER III

    Arianism

  8. An Eastern Heresy—Its Origin in Antioch—The Arian System—Arius at Alexandria—The Emperor's influence as Peacemaker—The Council of Nicæa—The Nicene Creed
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    4157
  1. Constantius—Athanasius—Julian—His Pagan Church and Theology—The Persecution by Valens—The Semi-Arians
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    5870
  2. CHAPTER V

    The Cappadocian Theologians

  3. The most brilliant Literary Period of the Greek Church—Basil—Gregory Nazianzen—Gregory of Nyssa—Apollinaris
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    7184
  4. CHAPTER VI

    The Movements that led to the Council of Chalcedon

  5. Theodosius the Great—Chrysostom—The Christological Controversies—Nestorianism—The Council of Ephesus—Eutychianism—The Council of Chalcedon
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    85101
  6. CHAPTER VII

    The Monophysite Troubles

  7. The Monophysite Idea—The Theotokos—Timothy Ælurus—Timothy Salofaciolus—Peter the Fuller—Zeno's Heneticon—The Acephali
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    102116
  8. CHAPTER VIII

    Later Christological Controversies

  9. Justinian and Theodora—"The Three Chapters"—The Monothelete Controversy—Severus of Constantinople—Cyrus and Sophronius—The Ecthesis—The Type—The Sixth General Council (Third Constantinople)
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    117131
  10. CHAPTER IX

    Organisation and Worship

  11. Bishops—Metropolitans—Patriarchs—The new Constantinople Patriarchate—Gregory the Great—John the Faster—The Doctrine of Transubstantiation
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    132146
  1. (1) General Asceticism—(2) Specific Asceticism—(3) Anchoritism—Palladius—(4) Cœnobitism—(5) Regulated Monasticism
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    147159
  2. DIVISION II

    THE MOHAMMEDAN PERIOD

    CHAPTER I

    The Rise and Spread of Mohammedanism

  3. No Middle Ages in the Oriental Churches—Mohammed—The Doctrines of Islam—Heraclius and his Victories—The Advance of the Arabs—Treatment of Christians by Mohammedans
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    160173
  4. CHAPTER II

    Byzantine Art

  5. Byzantine and Gothic Architecture—The Basilica—St. Sophia—Icons
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    174186
  6. CHAPTER III

    The Iconoclastic Reforms

  7. Revival of the Empire—Leo the Isaurian—Iconoclasm—Constantine Copronicus—The Abbot Stephen
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    187200
  8. CHAPTER IV

    The Restoration of Image Worship

  9. Leo the Armenian—Constantine Porphyrogenitus—The Empress Irene—Seventh General Council (Second Nicæa)—Leo's Reforms—John of Damascus—Theodore of Studium
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    201215
  1. The Origin of the Name—The Key of Truth—Constantine of Mananalis or "Silvanus"—Paul the Armenian—Sergius—The Empress Theodora—Paulicians in Thrace—The Euchites—The Bogomiles
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    216228
  2. CHAPTER VI

    The Great Schism

  3. The Cleavage of Christendom—Causes: (1) Difference of Race; (2) Separation of the two Empires; (3) Rivalry of Patriarchs; (4) The Filioque Clause—The Final Rupture
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    229241
  4. CHAPTER VII

    The Crusades

  5. Causes provoking the Crusades—Urban ii. and Peter the Hermit—The First Crusade—Bernard of Clairvaux and the Second and Third Crusades—The Fourth Crusade—A Western Invasion of Greek Territory—The Latin "Empire" of Constantinople
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    242255
  6. CHAPTER VIII

    The Greek Church at the Fall of the Byzantine Empire

  7. Decay of Byzantine Empire—The Latin "Emperors"—Restoration of Byzantine Empire by Michael—The Patriarch Arsenius—Negotiations with the Papacy—Constantine Palæologus—Mohammed ii.—Fall of Constantinople.
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    256272
  8. CHAPTER IX

    Life and Letters in the Byzantine Church

  9. Echoes of old Controversies—Church Government—The Liturgies of St. Basil and St. Chrysostom—Service Books—The Byzantine Historians—Later Byzantine Writers—The Story of Barlaam and Joshaphat—Greek Hymns—The Monks of Mount Athos—Religious and Moral Condition of the Church
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    273291
  1. PART II

    THE SEPARATE CHURCHES
  1. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    292294
  2. DIVISION I

    EARLY CHRISTIANITY OUTSIDE THE EMPIRE

  3. Early Christianity in Persia—Persecution under Sapor—Conversion of the Goths—Ulfilas
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    295308
  4. DIVISION II

    THE MODERN GREEK CHURCH

    CHAPTER I

    Cyril Lucar and the Reformation

  5. The Janissaries—The Patriarch of Constantinople under the Sultan—Contact with Lutherans—Cyril Lucar—His Confession of Faith—Cyril at Constantinople—His Attempt at a Reformation
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    309324
  6. CHAPTER II

    The Later Greek Church under the Turks

  7. Patriarch and Bishops—Venetian Conquests—Revival of Greece—The Philiké Hetairia—Massacre of Turks in the Morea—Execution of the Patriarch Gregorios—The Independent Church of Greece
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    325339
  8. CHAPTER III

    The Outlying Branches of the Greek Church

  9. Cyprus—Georgia—Bulgaria—Servia—Bosnia and Herzegovina
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    340354
  10. DIVISION III

    THE RUSSIAN CHURCH

    CHAPTER I

    The Origin of Christianity in Russia

  11. The Sclavs—Early Missions—The Princess Olga—Vladimir
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    355370
  1. Spread of the Gospel in Russia—A Temporary Breach with Constantinople—The Mongol Invasion—Effect on Russia
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    371384
  2. CHAPTER III

    Revival of Russia

  3. Reformation of Church Discipline—Poland and Lithuania—Isidore—Russia and the New Age—The Metropolitan Zosimus—Ivan the Terrible
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    385403
  4. CHAPTER IV

    The Patriarchate

  5. Origin of Patriarchate of Moscow—Attempts to win Russia to Rome—The false Dmitri—Philaret—Peter Mogila's "Confession of Faith"—The Patriarch Nicon
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    404419
  6. CHAPTER V

    Peter the Great and the Holy Synod

  7. The Life and Character of Peter—Reorganisation of the Empire—The Holy Synod—The Conservative Reaction—Condition of Russian Church
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    420433
  8. CHAPTER VI

    The Orthodox Church in Modern Russia

  9. Catherine ii.—Seraphim and Photius—Alexander and the Emancipation of the Serfs
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    434440
  10. CHAPTER VII

    Russian Sects

  11. Raskolniks—"The Old Believers"—The Popòftsky—The Befpopòftsky—The Philippoftsky—The Theodosians—The Pomortsky—The Jumpers—The Khlysty—The Skoptsy—The Molokans—The Donkhobors—The Stundists—Count Tolstoi
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    441458
  1. DIVISION IV

    THE SYRIAN AND ARMENIAN CHURCHES

    CHAPTER I

    Early Syrian Christianity
  1. The Churches of the Euphrates Valley—Four separating Influences—The Legend of Abgar—Palut—Tatian—Bardaisan—The Homilies of Aphraates—The Acts of Thomas
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    459476
  2. CHAPTER II

    The Syrian Nestorians

  3. The Nestorians at Edessa—Rabbulas—The Catholicos—Thomas of Marca's Book of the Governors—Syrian Monasticism—The Monastery of Beth ‘Abhê
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    477492
  4. CHAPTER III

    The Later Nestorians, the Chaldæans, and the Jacobites

  5. The Nestorians under the Caliphate—Mohammedan Persecutions—The Jacobites—Jacob al Bardai—Persecution of Syrian Monophysites—The Tetratheists—Literature of the Syrian Church
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    493509
  6. CHAPTER IV

    The Nestorians of the Far East

  7. Syrian Missions—The Acts of Thomas—India—The Syrian Church in Travancore—Old Crosses
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    510522
  8. CHAPTER V

    Later Eastern Christianity

  9. The Portuguese in India—Xavier—The Inquisition at Goa—The Synod of Diamper—The Dutch at Cochin—Syrian Christianity in China—Syrian Christianity in Turkey—Roman Catholic and Protestant Missions
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    523538
  1. The Legendary Period—Gregory the Illuminator—Mesrob—The Council of Tiben—The Council of Carana—Severance from the Greek Church—The Armenian Constitution—Russian Possessions in Armenia—The Massacres
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    539552
  2. DIVISION V

    THE COPTIC AND ABYSSINIAN CHURCHES

    CHAPTER I

    Origin and Early History of the Coptic Church

  3. The Copts—Origin of Christianity in Egypt—Its Characteristics—Alexandrian Opposition to Nestorianism—The Monks—Monophysite Schism
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    553571
  4. CHAPTER II

    The Persian and Arab Conquests

  5. The Copts during the Invasions—The Failure of Heraclius as a Ruler—The Mohammedan Invasion—The National Patriarch Benjamin—The Melchite Patriarch Cyril—The Mukaukas—The Mohammedan Settlement
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    572584
  6. CHAPTER III

    The Copts under the Caliphate

  7. Coptic Art—John Semundæus—A Friendly Caliphate—Persecution—The Scandal of Simony—The Fatimite Period
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    585602
  8. CHAPTER IV

    The Turkish Period

  9. Turkish Sultans—The Copts during the Crusades—The Dispute about Confessing over a Censer—Saladin—The Mamelukes—The Copts in Modern Times
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    603614
  10. CHAPTER V

    Abyssinian Christianity

  11. Ethiopia—Frumentius and Ædesius—The Vanishing of Christianity from Nubia—Isolation of Abyssinia—Portuguese Embassy—Bruce's Travels—Recent Events
    ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    615626
  12. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    627