Page:A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi and Jonah.djvu/42

the daily sacrifice and observe the feasts in their seasons. Now, there is nothing surprising in this statement, so far as its main features, the restoration of the altar and the resumption of worship, are concerned, but some of its details seem incredible. In the first place, note that Ezr. 3¹ is evidently an adaptation of Ne. 7^73b and 8^1a, while the date for the resumption of worship (v.⁶) seems to have been borrowed from Ne. 8{{sup|2}. Again, observe that Sheshbazzar, at this time governor of Judea, who had been commissioned by Cyrus to rebuild the temple, and who, according to Ezr. 5¹⁶, actually "laid the foundations of the house of God," is not mentioned in this connection. Finally, consider how strange it is that the Jews should be described (v.³) as urged by the fear of "the peoples of the countries," although they must have had the protection of the governor and a considerable force of Persian soldiers. These discrepancies, especially in view of the phraseology employed,^[1] indicate that here, again, the Chronicler is reconstructing history, this time in the interest of his favourites, Joshua and Zerubbabel, the truth being that the great altar was rebuilt by Sheshbazzar, and that this is what is meant by ascribing to him the foundation of the temple in Ezr. 5¹⁶.^[2]

Ezr. 3, from v.⁸ onward, is devoted to a description of the laying of the foundation of the second temple. In this passage, also, the Chronicler is composing freely, aided to some extent by extant materials, including the prophecies of Haggai and Zechariah. The phraseology is his^[3] and the content is characteristic. The leader in this case is Zerubbabel. Had not Zechariah (4⁹) said that Zerubbabel had laid the foundation of the house? He is assisted, as one would expect, by Jeshua (Joshua), son of Jehosadak, the high priest, whom the prophets named associate with him. The date given was probably suggested by that of the actual foundation in the prophecies of Haggai and Zechariah. It is the second year, not, however, of Darius, but, that the prophecy of Is. 44²⁸ might be fulfilled, of Cyrus. The names of the heads

1. The expressions characteristic of the style of the Chronicler are the following: set up and countries, v.³; each day, lit., day with day, v.⁴; willingly offered, v.⁵; cf. Driver, LOT.⁶, 535 ff.
2. Cf. Meyer, EJ., 44 f.
3. Cf. house of God and appoint, v.⁸; have the oversight, vv.^{8 f.}; after the order, v.¹⁰; praising and giving thanks, v.¹¹; further, Driver, LOT.⁶, 434 ff.