Page:A History Of Mathematical Notations Vol I (1928).djvu/16

1. PARAGRAPHS

2. Crossed Numerals Representing Powers of Unknowns ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   340

3. Descartes' z, y, x ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   340

4. Spread of Descartes' Signs. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   341

5. Signs of Aggregation ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   342–50

6. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   342

7. Aggregation Expressed by Letters ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   343

8. Aggregation Expressed by Horizontal Bars or Vinculums ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   344

9. Aggregation Expressed by Dots ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

   348

10. Aggregation Expressed by Commas ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    349

11. Aggregation Expressed by Parentheses ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    350

12. Early Occurrence of Parentheses ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    351

13. Terms in an Aggregate Placed in a Vertical Column ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    353

14. Marking Binomial Coefficients ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    354

15. Special Uses of Parentheses ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    355

16. A Star to Mark the Absence of Terms ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    356

17. IV.

    Symbols in Geometry (Elementary Part) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    357–85

18. A.

    Ordinary Elementary Geometry ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    357

19. Early Use of Pictographs ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    357

20. Signs for Angles ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    360

21. Signs for "Perpendicular" ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    364

22. Signs for Triangle, Square, Rectangle, Parallelogram ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    365

23. The Square as an Operator ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    366

24. Sign for Circle ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    367

25. Signs for Parallel Lines ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    368

26. Signs for Equal and Parallel ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    369

27. Signs for Arcs of Circles ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    370

28. Other Pictographs ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    371

29. Signs for Similarity and Congruence ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    372

30. The Sign ≎ for Equivalence ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    375

31. Lettering of Geometric Figures ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    376

32. Sign for Spherical Excess ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    380

33. Symbols in the Statement of Theorems ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    381

34. Signs for Incommensurables ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    382

35. Unusual Ideographs in Elementary Geometry ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    383

36. Algebraic Symbols in Elementary Geometry ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    384

37. B.

    Past Struggles between Symbolists and Rhetoricians in Elementary Geometry ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

    385

38. Index