Page:A Manchu grammar, with analysed texts.djvu/22

PARADIGM OF ARAMBI TO WRITE.

1.	Imperative	ara	write!
2.	Present Tense	arambi	I write.
3.	Infinitive	arame	to write.
4.	Preterite	araha	I wrote.
5.	Future	arara	I shall write.
6.	Conditional	araci	should I write.
7.	Subjunctive Present	araki	may he write.
8.	Past Gerund	arafi	having written.
9.	Imperfect	arambihe	I was writing.
10.	Indefinite Past	arahabi?	I have written.
11.	Pluperfect	arahabihe	I had written.
12.	Past Conditional	arahabici	if I had written.
13.	Adversative	aracibe	although he may write.
14.	Concessive	aracina	may he write.
15.	Optative	arakini	would that he wrote.
16.	Gerund I.	arambime	whilst writing.
17.	Gerund„ II.	arambifi	having written.
18.	Gerund„ III.	aranggala	before writing.
19.	Passive	arambumbi	it is written.
20.	Causative or Passive	arambubumbi	I cause to be written.
21.	Verbal Noun	arahangge, ararangge	the writing, the writer.
22.	Indefinite	arahale, ararale	whoever writes.
23.	Adverbial	araralame	in the manner of writing.

IRREGULARITIES.

1. The following verbs have an irregular Imperative:—

   baimbi	to request	—baisu.
   bimbi	to be	—bisu.
   gaimbi	to receive	—gaisu.
   jembi	to eat	—jefu.
   jimbi	to come	—jio, ju.
   ombi	to become	—oso.
   tucimbi	to go forth	—tusinu
   wasimbi	to fall	—wasinu
   wesimbi	to rise	—wesinu

2. The sign of the Past Tense ha, he, ho, ka, ke, ko, ngka, ngke, ngko, and the sign of the Future ra, re, ro, ndara, ndere, ndoro are subject to the laws of vowel harmony. The general rules are:—
   1. verbs with the stem in a have ha (ka) and ra. Exceptions with ha, re: buktalambi, cihalšambi, cilcilambi, maimašambi, manjurambi, miyoocalambi, nionggalambi, niyakurambi, tungnigambi. With he, ra: derakulambi, faishalambi, sosambi. With ho, ro: morilambi.
   2. verbs with the stem in e have he (ke) and re. Exceptions: siderilembi (ha, re); giyoloršembi (ho, ro).
   3. verbs with the stem in o have ho (ko) and ro. Exceptions: doombi (ha, re); fombi (ha, re); gombi, goha, gondoro; joombi (ha, re); leombi or loombi (ha, re); neombi (he, re); niyaniombi (ha, re); šombi (ha, re); tungniombi (ha, re); yombi, yoha, yoro, yondoro.