logical riddle on earth, for behind his large-brained and straight-faced Fish-Hoek ancestor, some anthropologists have placed another—a still larger-brained skull known as The Boskrop Man! As the scientist Keith puts the case: ". . . of all the evolutionary products of humanity known to us the Bushman type is the most remarkable. In its ancestral form it is the largest-brained type of humanity so far discovered." What has happened? What has caused the change in human type? Is it a strange strain in the racial type? Or the withering power of the tropical sun? What is evolution doing to the Bushman?
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REFERENCES
Annals of the South African Museum, 1929—"Dentition of a Bushman Tribe" by M. R. Drennan.
Antiquity of Man by A. Keith.
South African Journal of Science—"Fossil Bushmen from the Zuurberg" by L. H. Wells.
"African Pluvial Periods and Prehistoric Man," 1929, Vol. 20 by E. J. Wayland.
Fossil Remains of Springbok in "Nature," March 1929 by Dr. Robert Broom, also by Broom in "Nature," 1925 "The Boskrop Mandible."
Report on African Discoveries in "Nature," 1929 by L. B. S. Leakey, also in "Nature," 1927 by Leakey.
Our Mobile Earth, 1926 and Architecture of the Earth, 1938, both by Dr. R. A. Daly.
Report on Quaternary Geology of Rift Valley by Dr. Erik Nilsson.
USING FEAR TO WIN A WAR
ONE of the most effective methods that the Nazis have been using to help them conquer a nation is their ability to instill fear. By showing the people movies of the destruction caused by the powerful Nazi war machine in previously conquered countries, by using pamphlets, by using dive bombers and the terrible flame throwers, and by using huge tanks, the morale of the people has been shattered by fright.
"This device, however, is far from being a new invention. The records of Julius Caesar's campaign in England nineteen centuries ago tell of how the Britons painted themselves a dark blue which gave them a very gruesome appearance to throw fear into the Romans.
The American Indians used war paint, terrible-sounding war cries, and huge war drums to frighten the enemy.
Genghis Khan, in the 14th century, "softened" up nations he intended to attack by having traveling peddlers spread stories of the might of Khan's armies throughout the nation. His propaganda was so effective that the nations often surrendered without fighting.
The war-like tribes of Africa often adorned themselves with fantastic headdresses made from a lion's head or a human skull in an effort to scare the enemy.
The Maoris of New Zealand, a very war-like savage tribe, make faces at their opponents in battle to unnerve them. They even carve hideous faces on the prows of their war canoes to carry out the "fear" effect.
And today, in World War II, fear propaganda is again being used to win battles before they are fought.
THE MAN WHO RETURNED FROM DEATH
Drs. Herbert D. Adams and Leo V. Hand of Boston recently told of a case in which the heart of a twenty year old boy stopped beating for twenty minutes, but he is still alive today.
Normally death occurs from seven to ten minutes after the heart stops beating. There are tiny nerve centers in the brain which control breathing and unless the heart continues to pump blood to them, the nerve centers die from blood starvation. Once they die, the patient cannot be saved even though the heart is forced to pump again.
This case was the result of good teamwork by the surgeons and a miracle. The surgeons were operating on the patient's chest when his heart stopped about two hours after anesthesia had begun. One of the quick-thinking surgeons placed his hand on the paralyzed heart and forced it to continue its motion artificially by contracting and expanding his hand. The other surgeon proceeded to inject stimulants into the heart. They had one "false alarm" when the heart beat naturally five or six times and then stopped again.
After twenty minutes, the heart resumed its normal beat and the operation was finished. The surgeons had been able to keep the brain nerve centers alive by the artificial respiration and circulation and by lowering the patient's head to help the blood flow.
