Page:An introduction to Indonesian linguistics, being four essays.djvu/27

Original	IN	ě	persists	in	Karo,	in	Toba	it	becomes	o[1]
’’	’’	k	’’	’’	’’	’’	’’	’’	’’	h[2]
’’	’’	h	’’	’’	’’	’’	’’	’’	’’	nil

All these laws are neatly illustrated by the following example : Original IN, and also Mal., Gayo, etc., kěsah, " to breathe, to pant ", remains kěsah in Karo, but appears in Toba as hosa.

20. There are two laws which affect Karo and estrange it from Original IN, but both these laws comprise only a few individual cases :

I. Original IN final diphthongs become simple vowels in Karo: e.g., uy becomes i; thus Original IN, and Old Jav., Formosan, etc., apuy becomes Karo api. We need only mention this one case, the change of uy into i, for the rest do not happen to occur in our monograph.

II. Original IN final media becomes tenuis in Karo. Original IN lawĕd, " sea ", Bis. lawod,^[3] is sounded lawĕt in Karo.

21. Now follow some series of Karo words, from which in each case the root can be deduced :

tiṅkah, " step ", laṅkah, " step " : root kah.

teguh, " firm ", paṅguh, " hard wood " : root guh.

liṅgĕm, " shadow ", agĕm, " cloudy sky " : root gĕm.

riṅut, " wrinkled ", pĕrṅut, " curled " : root ṅut.

antar, " to set up ", batar, " a stand " : root tar.

tutuṅ, " to burn ", gĕstuṅ, " to blaze up " : root tuṅ.

dodas, " unlucky in gambling ", radas, " ruined ": root das.

tulpak, " disappointed ", lepak, " to err ": root pak.

tembal, " crossed ", gambal, " scissors ": root bal.

lĕmbut, " soft ", umbut, " soft pith " : root but.

pusiṅ, " to turn round ", gasiṅ, " spinning top " : root siṅ.

1. The first rule holds good both for written and spoken Toba; the second one for written Toba only, as the h may undergo a further change in actual pronunciation.
2. Only in certain positions, not, for example, as a final.
3. The o is in conformity with the law stated m § 25.