in which he published several of his best works. He also wrote " La Ida del Sol," " A Ticul," " A Tunkas," " El Prisma de la Vida," " El Contra- bandista," a tragedy, and other compositions, which were published in 1848 in the satirical paper " Don BuUebuUe." He was a member of the government council and comptroller of the treasury of his na- tive state when he died. A collection of his works has been published (Merida, 1885).
PEREZ, Santiago (pay'-reth), Colombian states-
man, b. in Cipaquira in 1880. He studied in IJogota
in the colleges of Espiritu Santo and Nuestra
Senora del Rosario, and was graduated as LL. D.
in 1851, and admitted to the bar. He had begun
to cultivate poetry in college, and scarcely had
entered the practice of his profession when he issued
a volume of verses, and one of his dramas was rep-
resented in the theatre of Bogota. In 1853 he was
appointed member of a commission under Gen.
Codazzi, to form a map of the republic, and visited
the states of Antioquia and Cauca, publishing his
observations on his return. He soon began to take
an active part in politics, and in 1856 was an editor
of the journal " El Tiempo." In 1857 he founded
a college in Bogota, where many men that are now
eminent in Colombia received their education.
After the triumph of the Ijiberal party, Perez was
elected to congress in 1868, but in i864 he was
called by President Manuel Murillo Toro (q. v.) to
the cabinet as secretary of the interior and foreign
relations. When the Liberal party split into two
factions, and Perez's political opponent, Gen. Mos-
quera, was elected president in 1866, Perez, with
Felipe Zapata and Tomas Cuenca, foimded " El
Mensajero," which represented the radical opposi-
tion, and contributed powerfully to the fall and
impeachment of Mosquera in 1867. In the begin-
ning of 1868 Perez was elected to the senate, but
in April he was called by Gen. Santos Gutierrez
to his former seat in the cabinet. From 1870 till
1872 he was minister to the United States ; from
1872 to the end of 1873 he was general director of
public instruction. In the elections of the latter
year he was chosen to the chief executive of the
nation for the term from 1 April, 1874, till 1876.
At the expiration of his term he was appointed
rector of the National university, but he was sent
soon again to the United States as minister. Since
1878 he has not occupied any public office, but has
given himself to educational work and literary and
scientific studies. He is considered one of the best
writers in South America, and is esteemed even by
his political adversaries on account of his spotless
character and kindly disposition. He is the author
of " Coleccion de Poesias " (Bogota, 1851) : " Jacobo
Molay," a drama, which was represented in Bogota
(1851); " Apuntamientos de Viaje por las Provin-
cias del Sur" (1854); •' Leonor," a legend (1855);
" Elcastillo de Berkley," a drama, represented in
Bogota (1856) ; " Compendio de Gramatica Castel-
lana " (1858) ; and " Romances Nacionales," a col-
lection of war anecdotes (1860).
PEREZ DE URDININEA, Jose Maria, Bolivian soldier, b. in La Paz in 1782; d. there in 1865. He studied in the seminaries of La Paz and Chuquisaca, and when upper Peru was invaded in
1810 by the Argentine army he entered the service
with the patriots. Afterward he served under San
Martin, and was about to follow the latter to Peru
in 1820 when he was appointed by the province of
Cuyo commander-in-chief to resist an invasion.
He was commissioned by San Martin to raise an
auxiliary army in Cuyo, to operate against upper
Peru, but when he at last entered the latter prov-
ince the battle of Ayacucho had already decided
the cause of independence. During the invasion
by the Peruvian army in 1828 he was president of
the cabinet and general-in-chief, ])ut he afterward
retired into private life. In 1838 Gen. Santa Cruz
called him again into service during the Chilian in-
vasion, and he was chief of cavalry in the battle of
Yungai, 20 Jan., 1839. He was minister of ^ar
and president of the council in 1841-'7, and from
1855 till 1857 minister of the interior.
PEREZ DE ZAMBRANA. Luisa, Cuban author, b. in El Cobi'e, near Santiago, in 1837. When she was only fourteen years old she began to publish poems. The first collection was issued at
Santiago in 1856. She married in 1858 Dr. Zam-
brana, a distinguished physician of Havana, where
she published a new volume of poems, which in-
creased her reputation (1860). Her prose works
include the novels " Angelica y Estrella " and " La
hija del Verdugo." Several of Luisa Perez's
poems have been translated into French and Ital-
ian, and Spanish critics have praised her produc-
tions. Her poetry is simple, but full of feeling.
PERHAM, Sidney, governor of Maine, b. in
Woodstock, Me., 27 March, 1819. He was educated
in the public schools, and subsequently was a
teacher and farmer. He was a member of the state
board of agriculture in 1852-'3, speaker of the
legislature in 1854, a presidential elector in 1856,
and clerk of the supreme judicial court of Oxford
county in 1859-'63. He was elected to congress as
a Republican, and served in 1863-'9. He was
governor of Maine in 1871-'4.
PERINCHIEF, Octavius, clergvman, b. in
Warwick parish, Bermuda, W. I., 2 Oct., 1829 ; d.
in Bridgeport, Pa., 29 Ai)ril, 1877. He came to
New York in 1847, became a clerk, and after-
ward entered Trinity college. After teaching a
year in Racine he returned to New York in 1855,
studied in the General theological seminary, and
after his ordination in 1857 went as a missionary
to Quendaro, Mo., where his health was impaired
for life. He afterward held various pastorates.
Mr. Perinchief wrote a work on " Education " for
the government of Japan (1872). He had a repu-
tation for eloquence, and his sermons have been
edited by Charles Lanman (Washington. 1869-'70).
See his '"Life," by Charles Lanman (1879).
PERIT, Pelatiah, merchant, b. in Norwich,
Conn., 23 June, 1785; d. in New Haven. Conn., 8
March, 1864. He was graduated at Yale in 1802,
taught for a year, and in 1809 settled in business
in New York. He became a partner in a firm of
shipping-merchants in 1817, in which he continued
till 1863. He was president of the chamber of
commerce in 1853-'68, and took an active part in
the monetary affairs of that city. In June, 1857,
in the contest between the two city police forces
(see Matsell, George W.), he was chosen a com-
missioner of police, and rendered important ser-
vice in restoring the public security, riiroughout
his career he was a supporter of benevolent and
educational institutions, and during the cholera
epidemic of 1832 he nursed the sick and gave
large sums to the sufferers.
PERKINS, Charles Callalian, anthor, b. in Boston, Mass., 1 March, 1823; d. in Windsor, Vt., 25 Aug., 1886. His early years were spent in Boston, and he was graduated at Harvard in 1843. He
then went to Europe, residing first in Rome, and later in Paris, where he studied painting under Ary Scheffer. He also devoted nnich attention to music, continuing his studies in that direction on his re- turn to Europe in 1851. During a later visit in 1865 he studied etching, and subsequently etched the illustrations for his works on the Tuscan and
