management the school flourished, and in 1836 was transformed into Marshall college, of which he became the first president. He published “Psychology, or a View of the Human Soul” (New York, 1840), and left in an unfinished state works on “Christian Ethics” and “Æsthetics.” A volume of his sermons, edited by Emanuel V. Gerhart, was published under the title of “The Inner Life of the Christian” (Philadelphia, 1856).
RAUCH, John Henry, physician, b. in Lebanon,
Pa., 4 Sept., 1828; d. in Chicago, 24 March, 1894.
He was graduated in medicine at the University
of Pennsylvania and settled in Burlington, Iowa.
In 1850, on the organization of the State medical
society, he was appointed to report on the “Medical
and Economic Botany of Iowa,” and this report was
afterward published (1851). He was an active member
of the Iowa historical and geological institute,
and made a collection of material — especially
ichthyologic — from the upper Mississippi and
Missouri rivers for Prof. Agassiz, a description of which
was published in “Silliman's Journal” (1855). In
1857 he was appointed professor of materia medica
and medical botany in Rush medical college,
Chicago, which chair he filled for the next three years.
In 1859 he was one of the organizers of the Chicago
college of pharmacy and filled its chair of materia
medica and medical botany. During the civil war
he served as assistant medical director of the Army
of Virginia, and then in Louisiana till 1864. At the
close of the war he was brevetted lieutenant-colonel.
On his return to Chicago, Dr. Rauch
published a paper on “Intramural Interments and
their Influence on Health and Epidemics”
(Chicago, 1866). He aided in reorganizing the health
service of the city, and in 1867 was appointed
member of the newly created board of health and
sanitary superintendent, which office he filled
until 1873. During his incumbency the great fire of
1871 occurred, and the task of organizing and
enforcing the sanitary measures for the welfare of
112,000 houseless men, women, and children was
suddenly thrown upon his department. In 1876
he was elected president of the American public
health association, and delivered the annual
address on the “Sanitary Problems of Chicago” at
the 1877 meeting of the association. In 1877, when
the Illinois state board of health was created, Dr.
Rauch was appointed one of its members, and
elected its first president. He was elected secretary,
to which office he had been re-elected annually
for years. In 1878-'9 the yellow-fever epidemics
in the southwest engaged his attention, resulting
in the formation of the sanitary council of the
Mississippi valley and the establishment of the
river-inspection service of the National board of
health, inaugurated by Dr. Rauch in 1879. His
investigations on the relation of small-pox to
foreign immigration are embodied in an address
before the National conference of state boards of
health at St. Louis, 13 Oct., 1884, entitled “Practical
Recommendations for the Exclusion and
Prevention of Asiatic Cholera in North America”
(Springfield, 1884). In 1887 he published the
preliminary results of his investigations into the
character of the water-supplies of Illinois. Dr. Rauch
was a member of many scientific bodies and the
author of monographs, chiefly in the domain of
sanitary science and preventive medicine. His chief
work as a writer is embodied in the reports of the
Illinois state board of health in eight volumes.
RAUE, Charles Godlove, physician, b. in Saxony,
11 May, 1820; d. 6 Aug., 1896. He was
graduated at the College of teachers in Bautzen,
Saxony, in 1841, and at Philadelphia medical
college
in 1850. From 1864 till 1871 he was professor
of pathology and practice at the Homœopathic college
of Pennsylvania, and at Hahnemann medical
college in Philadelphia. He is the author of “Die
neue Seelenlehre Dr. Beneke's, nach methodischen
Grundsätzen für Lehrer bearbeitet” (Bautzen,
1847); “Special Pathology and Diagnostics with
Therapeutic Hints” (Philadelphia, 1868); and
“Annual Record of Homœopathic Literature”
(New York, 1870).
RAUM, Green Berry, commissioner of internal
revenue, b. in Golconda, Pope co., Ill., 3 Dec., 1829.
He received a common-school education, studied
law, and was admitted to the bar in 1853. In 1856
he removed with his family to Kansas, and at once
affiliated with the Free-state party. Becoming
obnoxious to the pro-slavery faction, he returned the
following year to Illinois and settled at Harrisburg.
At the opening of the civil war he made
his first speech as a “war” Democrat while he was
attending court at Metropolis, Ill. Subsequently
he entered the army as major of the 56th Illinois
regiment, and was promoted lieutenant-colonel,
colonel, and brevet brigadier-general. He was
made brigadier-general of volunteers on 15 Feb.,
1865, which commission he resigned on 6 May.
He served under Gen. William S. Rosecrans in
the Mississippi campaign of 1862. At the battle
of Corinth he ordered and led the charge that
broke the Confederate left and captured a battery.
He was with Gen. Grant at Vicksburg, and was
wounded at the battle of Missionary Ridge in
November, 1863. During the Atlanta campaign he
held the line of communication from Dalton to
Acworth and from Kingston to Rome, Ga. In
October, 1864, he re-enforced Resaca, Ga., and held
it against Gen. John B. Hood. In 1866 he
obtained a charter for the Cairo and Vincennes railroad
company, aided in securing its construction,
and became its first president. He was then elected
to congress, and served from 4 March, 1867, till 3
March, 1869. In 1876 he was president of the
Illinois Republican convention, and in the same
year he was a delegate to the National convention
of that party in Cincinnati. He was appointed
commissioner of internal revenue, 2 Aug., 1876,
and retained the office till 31 May, 1883. During
this period he collected $850,000,000 and disbursed
$30,000,000 without loss. He wrote “Reports”
of his bureau for seven successive years. He is
also the author of “The Existing Conflict between
Republican Government and Southern Oligarchy”
(Washington, 1884). He afterward engaged in the
practice of law in Washington, D. C.
RAUMER, Friedrich Ludwig Georg von
(row'-mer), German historian, b. in Woerlitz, near
Dessau, 14 May, 1781: d. in Berlin, 14 May, 1873.
He studied in the universities of Halle and
Göttingen, was a civil magistrate in 1801, became in
1809 councillor to the state chancellor, Count von
Hardenberg, was professor of history in the
University of Breslau in 1811-'16, and in 1819 became
professor of political economy in the University of
Berlin. He was elected to the parliament of Frankfort
by the latter city in 1848, and appointed by
the Archduke John of Austria, vicar of the German
empire, his ambassador to Paris in 1848.
From 1851 up to the time of his death he was a
member of the house of lords of Prussia. After
1816 Raumer undertook several journeys through
France, Italy, Switzerland, and the United States,
which he visited in 1841-'3 and again in 1853-'5.
He is justly considered as one of the great historians
of the 19th century. His works include
“Geschichte der Hohenstaufen und ihrer Zeit”
