years in Cambridge, was ordained in 1839, and was pastor of various churches in Boston. For five years he had charge of a sailors' Sunday-school. He has been engaged in various benevolent, educa- tional, and literary associations. He has published "Thoughts on Moral and Spiritual Culture" (Bos- ton, 1842) ; " Arthur Lee and Tom Palmer " (1845) ; and addresses on Thomas Sherwin and William Cullen Bryant. — His wife, Anna C. Quincy, the daughter of Josiah Quincv, has published " Verses by A. C. Q. W." (Boston. 1863).
WATERTON, Charles, English naturalist, b. at
Walton Hall, near Wakefield, Yorkshire. England,
3 June, 1782 ; d. there, 27 May, 1865. He was of
an old Roman Catholic family, from Lincolnshire,
and through his grandmother was descended from
Sir Thomas More. He was educated first at a
school at Tudhoe, near Durham, and then at the
Jesuit college at Stonyhurst, in Lancashire. In
boyhood he displayed greater fondness for open-
air observations of natural history than for books.
Shortly after attaining his majority he visited
Spain, where some of the Waterton family were in
business. In 1804 he went to Uemerara to super-
intend the estates of an uncle, and travelled through
the interior of the country, noting its fauna, flora,
and scenery. On the death of his father he gave
up the management of these estates and returned
to England, but only for a short time; so that, for
twenty years from his first going to Demerara in
1804 till 1824, with the exception of a few visits to his
ancestral home, he rambled about in South America,
having no other object than the pursuit of natural
history. Although not distinguished as a scientific
man, he is well known as a good and enthusiastic
field-naturalist, while his vivid and spirited style
of writing has rendered his narratives popular.
Waterton was eccentric and abstemious. He was
noted as a skilful taxidermist, and his ornitho-
logical collection at Walton Hall was almost un-
rivalled. During the latter part of his life, settling
in his ancestral home, which was on a small island
in the midst of fine scenery, he surrounded him-
self with the creatures and pets he loved. He for-
bade the use of fire-arms on his grounds, so that
they became the chosen haunt of many rare and
shy birds and animals, and, to discourage poachers,
he placed ingenious wooden images of game-birds
in his trees. His adventures in South America,
often daring, are graphically described in his
"Wanderings in South America, the Northwest of
the United States, and the Antilles, in 1812, 1816,
1820, and 1824; with Original Instructions for the
Preservation of Birds, etc., for Cabinets of Natural
History" (London, 1825). The frequent journeys
that he afterward made to Belgium and Italy, with
his home-life at Walton Hall, are described in the
autobiography prefixed to his " Essays on Natural
History, chiefly Ornithology" (3 vols., 1838-'44;
new ed., with a continuation of the life, by Norman
Moore, based entirely upon autobiographical notes,
1871). See also a life of him entitled " Charles
Waterton, his Home, Habits, and Handiwork," by
Richard Hobson, M. D. (1866).
WATIE, Stand, soldier, b. in Cherokee, Ga.
(the site of the present city of Rome), in 1815 ; d.
in August, 1877. He was a full-blooded Cherokee
Indian, was educated at the mission schools in the
Indian country, served as a member of the Chero-
kee legislative council, and was speaker of the
lower house from 1862 till 1865. He became
colonel of the 1st Cherokee Confederate infantry
regiment in October, 1861, and was promoted briga-
dier-general in the Confederate army on 10 May,
1864. His brigade was composed of the 1st and 2d
Cherokee regiments of infantry, a Cherokee bat-
talion of infantry, and a battalion each of Seminole
and Osage Indians. He was a younger brother of
Elias Boudinot and nephew of Maj. Ridge, who
were assassinated in the Cherokee nation in 1839.
WATKINS, Louis Douglas, soldier, b. in Flori-
da about 1835 ; d. in Baton Rouge, La., 29 March,
1868. He joined the U. S. army as 1st lieutenant,
14th infantry. 14 May, 1861, was transferred to the
5th cavalry, 22 June, 1861, and became captain, 17
July, 1862, and colonel of the 20th infantry, 28
July, 1866. He received the brevets of major, 8
Jan., 1863, for gallant service in the expedition to
east Tennessee under Gen. Samuel P. Carter, lieu-
tenant-colonel, 24 June, 1864. for service at La-
fayette, and that of brigadier-general, 13 March,
1865. He was mustered out on 1 Sept., 1866.
WATKINS, Samuel, donor, b. in Campbell
county, Va., in 1794; d. in Nashville, Tenn., 16
Oct., 1880. His parents died in his infancy, and
he was bound to a Scotch family, whose cruelty to
him attracted attention, and, owing to this, the
county court placed him with the family of James
Robertson, upon whose plantation he labored for
several years. He then joined the U. S. army,
served in the war against the Creek nation under
Gen. Andrew Jackson, and was also at the battle
of New Orleans. When peace was declared he re-
turned to Nashville and became a brick-mason,
pursuing this craft until 1827, when he began to
erect houses and churches, among which were the
1st Baptist church and the 2d Presbyterian church
in Nashville. During the civil war his farm of 600
acres was the battle-field of Nashville, his city
buildings were destroyed, and his mansion was
sacked and robbed, his loss amounting to $300,000.
After the civil war he engaged in banking, manu-
facturing, and building, and dealt in real estate,
was president of the Nashville gas-light company,
and acquired a fortune. He bequeathed $130,000
for the establishment of a polytechnic institution
in Nashville, which was erected there in 1882. Mr.
Watkins made liberal provision for courses of free
public lectures, and also classes in mathematics for
those who could not attend colleges and schools.
WATKINS, Tobias, physician, b. in Maryland
in 1780; d. in Washington, D. G, 14 Nov., 1855.
He was graduated at St. John's college, Annapolis,
in 1798, and at the Philadelphia medical college in
1802, and began practice in Havre de Grace, Md.
Afterward he removed to Baltimore, where he
edited the "Medical and Physical Recorder" in
1809. He was surgeon in the army during the war
of 1812— '15, and was assistant surgeon-general of
the United States in 1818-'21, and fourth auditor
of the U. S. treasury in 1824-'9. With his brother-
in-law, Stephen Simpson, Dr. Watkins edited in
Philadelphia the " Portico " (4 vols., 1816-'20). He
contributed to periodicals, and translated from the
French Xavier Bichat's " Physiological Researches
upon Life and Death " (Philadelphia, 1809), and
Louis de Onis's "Memoir upon the Negotiations
between Spain and the United States which led to
the Treaty of 1819 " (Baltimore, 1822).
WATKINS, William Brown, philologist, b. in Bridgeport, Belmont co., Ohio, 2 May, 1834. At an early age he removed to Wheeling, Va., where
he received a public-school education and began the study of law, but abandoned it to enter the Pittsburg conference of the Methodist Episcopal
church. From 1868 till 1872 he was presiding elder at Steubenville, Ohio, after which he was stationed in Pittsburg for nine years. He was a
delegate to the general conference of the Methodist Episcopal church in 1888, and has delivered many
