missionary society, a book depository, and a printing establishment at Harrisburg, Pa., where a weekly paper, the " Church Advocate," and a Sunday-school paper, " The Gem," are published. For several years he edited the " Gospel Publisher " (now the " Church Advocate "), and with Isaac Daniel Rupp, issued " The History of all the Religious Denomina- tions in the United States " (Hartford, 1844). He also published " Pronouncing Testament and Gaz- etteer " (Harrisburg, 1836) ; " Brief Views of the Church of God" (1840); "A Treatise on Regen- eration" (1844); "The Seraphina," a music-book (1853) ; " Practical and Doctrinal Sermons " (1860) ; and pamphlets and separate sermons. He was the compiler and editor of the " Church Hymn-Book."
WINES, Enoch Cobb, philanthropist, b. in Han-
over, N. J., 17 Feb., 1806 ; d. in Cambridge, Mass.,
10 Dec, 1879. He was graduated at Middlebury in
1827, and in 1829 was commissioned teacher of
midshipmen in the U. S. navy. In 1832 he pur-
chased Edgehill school, at Princeton, N. J. After-
ward he removed to Philadelphia, where he was
a professor in the City high-school, and subse-
quently he purchased a classical school at Burling-
ton, N. J. He then studied theology, and was
pastor of Congregational churches in Cornwall,
vt., and East Hampton, Long Island, N. Y. In
1853 he was chosen to the chair of ancient lan-
guages in Washington college, Pa., and in 1859 to
the presidency of the City university of St. Louis,
Mo. He accepted, in 1862, the secretaryship of the
New York prison association, and from that date
until his death his talents and energy were devoted
to the study of penology, and to the promotion of
reform in the administration of criminal law, and
in the conduct of penal institutions throughout the
world. In 1866, in conjunction with Dr. Theodore
W. Dwight, of Columbia law-school, he made a tour
of inspection of the prisons and reformatories of
the United States, of which they submitted a report,
in 1867, to the legislature of New York. In 1870,
through his personal efforts, the first National
prison congress assembled at Cincinnati, at which
was formed the National prison association, of
which Dr. Wines was unanimously chosen secre-
tary, which post he filled until the close of his
life. Similar National congresses were organized by
him at Baltimore in 1872, at St. Louis in 1874, and
in New York in 1876. In 1871 the New York legis-
lature authorized the appointment of three com-
missioners, to investigate the question of the rela-
tions between prison and free labor. Dr. Wines
was appointed a member of this commission, and
wrote its report, which was pronounced in its oppo-
sition to maintaining convicts in idleness. In this
same year Dr. Wines was appointed by President
Grant, under authority of a joint resolution of con-
gress, U. S. commissioner to organize an Interna-
tional penitentiary congress at London, and he was
sent abroad for the purpose of making the necessary
diplomatic representations to foreign governments.
When the congress assembled, 4 July, 1872, dele-
gates were present from twenty-six nations, Dr.
Wines representing both the United States and
Mexico. At the second congress, at Stockholm,
in 1878, he was chosen honorary president. At
the International penitentiary congress which as-
sembled in Rome in November, 1885, Count di
Foresta, an Italian senator, said of him : " It is to
him more than to any other individual that we
owe the initiation of the movement for the reforma-
tion of prisoners, which is the glory of the latter
half of the 19th century." Middlebury gave him
the degree of D. D. in 1853 and Washington that
of LL. D. in 1857. His works include " Two Years
and a Half in the Navy" (2 vols., Philadelphia,
1832) ; " A Trip to China " (Boston, 1832) ; " Hints
on Popular Education," believed to be the first sys-
tematic treatise on this subject published in the
United States (Philadelphia, 1838) ; " How shall I
govern my School ? " (1838) ; " Commentaries on
the Laws of the Ancient Hebrews" (New York,
1852); "Adam and Christ" (1855); "Historical
and Farewell Discourses " (1859) ; " The True Peni-
tent" (Philadelphia, 1862); " Treatise on Regenera-
tion " (1863) ; " An Essay on Temptation " (1865) ;
"The Prisons and Reformatories of the United
States and Canada" (1867); "The Promises of
God " (1868) ; and " State of Prisons and Child-
saving Institutions" (Cambridge, 1880). — His son,
Frederick Howard, clergyman, b. in Philadel-
phia, Pa., 9 April, 1838, was graduated at Wash-
ington college, Pa., in 1857, served as tutor there,
and afterward studied at Princeton theological
seminary, but left because of weakness of the eyes.
He was licensed by the presbytery of St. Louis in
1860, and in 1862 was commissioned hospital chap-
lain in the National army. He was on duty at Spring-
field, Mo., till 1864, and participated in the battle of
Springfield, 8 Jan., 1 863, being mentioned by name
in the official report for bravery on the field. He
was graduated at Princeton seminary in 1865, and
called to the 1st Presbyterian church of Spring-
field, 111., where he remained four years. In 1869
he became secretary of the newly created board of
State commissioners of public charities for the state
of Illinois, which post he still holds. Mr. Wines
was active in effecting an organization of similar
boards throughout the country, under the name of
the National conference of charities and correction,
of which at Louisville, in 1883, he was the presi-
dent. In 1879 lie conducted the investigations as
to the number and condition of the defective, de-
pendent, and delinquent classes in the United
States, and his report constitutes a separate volume
of the " Tenth Census." In 1886 he established a
monthly journal entitled " The International Rec-
ord of Charities and Correction," which is published
in New York and London. He represented Illinois
in the International penitentiary congress at Stock-
holm, in 1878. The result of his observations
there was embodied in a report to the legislature,
and he recommended the construction of the new
Hospital for the insane, at Kankakee. 111., on the
" detached ward " or " village " system, an event
which marks an era in the history of the care of
the insane in this country. In 1887 Mr. Wines was
elected secretary of the National prison association,
and succeeded to the post that was formerly held
by his father. His writings, apart from reports,
have been chiefly pamphlets. Among them are
"The County Jail System, an Argument for its
Abolition," read at the New York prison congress
(1878) ; " The Kankakee Hospital '* (1882) ; " Pro-
vision for the Insane in the United States," an his-
torical sketch (1885) ; " Conditional Liberation, or
the Paroling of Prisoners," written for the Atlanta
prison congress (1886) ; and " American Prisons in
the Tenth Census " (1888).
WING, Conway Phelps, clergyman, b. near Marietta, Ohio, 12 Feb., 1809. He was graduated at Hamilton college in 1828 and at Auburn theological seminary in 1831, and was ordained and installed pastor of the church at Sodus, Wayne co., N. Y., by the presbytery of Geneva in 1832. remaining there till 1836. He was afterward pastor at Ogden, N. Y., at Monroe, Mich., where he is now pastor emeritus, at Huntsville, Ala., and at Carlisle, Pa. Mr. Wing took an active part in the revivals of 1832-5, and in the anti-slavery agitation in
