Clermont, Iowa, in 1853, and engaged in farming, manufacturing, and banking. He served in the Iowa state senate in 1868-'85, was chairman of the committee of ways and means for sixteen years, and since 1885 has been governor of the state, hav- ing been elected as a Republican.
LAWRENCE, Charles Brush, jurist, b. in
Vergennes, Vt., 17 Dec, 1820 ; d. in Decatur, Ala.,
19 April, 1883. He was the son of Judge Viele
Lawrence, of Vermont, and, after studying for
two years at Middlebury, was graduated in 1841
at Union. He studied law with Alphonso Taft in
Cincinnati, Ohio, and entered on practice in St.
Louis, Mo. Subsequently he removed to Quincy,
111., where he formed a partnership with Archibald
Williams. In 1859 he was elected judge of the
10th circuit, and in 1864 was chosen to the su-
preme court of Illinois, where he was chief justice
for three years. Retiring from the bench in 1873,
he practised law in Chicago until his death and
was president of the bar. President Grant made
him a member of the Louisiana commission, and
the bench and bar of Illinois urged his appoint-
ment to the U. S. supreme court. The degree of
LL. D. was conferred upon him by Union in 1876.
Chief-Justice Fuller said of him: "Learning, cul-
ture, and literary excellence he possessed, united
with a sweetness of character which colored all his
utterances and all his life. The qualities which
made him eminent as a lawyer would have raised
him to the highest rank in any walk of life. His
works follow him and will perpetuate his memory,
not as a ghost to haunt, but as a guest to cheer."
LE DUC, William Gates, soldier, b. in Wilkes-
ville, Gallia co., Ohio, 29 March, 1823. He was
graduated at Kenyon college in 1848, admitted to
the bar in 1849, and settled in St. Paul, Minn. He
was active in inducing emigration to Minnesota,
prepared and obtained the first charter for a rail-
road in the territory, and organized the Wabash
bridge company to build the first bridge over Mis-
sissippi river. He settled in Hastings, Minn., in
1856, and was the first in the territory to make
and ship spring wheat-flour, which subsequently
became one of the chief products of the state. He
entered the National army in 1861 as a captain,
became lieutenant-colonel and chief quartermaster,
served with the Army of the Potomac till the
Gettysburg campaign, and subsequently in the
west. He was brevetted brigadier-general of
volunteers in 1865. He then returned to Minne-
sota, engaged in railroad enterprises, and was ap-
fiointed commissioner of agriculture by President
layes. During his occupation of this office he
established a tea farm in South Carolina, success-
fully experimented in producing sugar from sor-
ghum canes and beets, and founded what has since
been enlarged as the bureau of animal industry,
and a division of forestry.
LEE, Henry, economist, b. in Beverly, Mass., 4
Feb., 1782 ; d. in Boston, 6 Feb., 1867. For many
years he carried on a very extensive trade with the
East and West Indies, South America, and Europe,
and became a collector of commercial and financial
statistics, and a zealous student of political econo-
my. His writings were highly esteemed in Eng-
land, where he was recognized as an authority by
such economists as McCulloch, Tooke, and Villiers.
He arrived at conclusions entirely at varience with
those advocated by the supporters of the so-called
American system. He was a frequent contributor
to the " Free-Trade Advocate," edited in Phila-
delphia by Condv Raguet, and became widely
known through his " Boston Report " as one of a
"Committee of citizens of Boston and vicinity op-
posed to a further increase of duties on importa-
tions " (Boston, 1827). This valuable work has
passed through four editions, and is one of the most
masterly vindications of the principles of free-trade
that has ever appeared in print. At the Free-trade
convention in Philadelphia, 30 Sept., 1831, he was
associated with Albert Gallatin in preparing the
memorial and statistical exposition of the effects of
the tariff. In 1832 he was nominated for vice-
president by South Carolina on the ticket with
John Floyd, of Virginia, although he had no sym-
pathy with nullification. — His eldest son, Henry,
b. in Boston, 2 Sept., 1817, was graduated at Har-
vard in 1836, served on Gov. John A. Andrew's
staff during the civil war, and published a pam-
phlet on " The Militia of the United States." He
is senior member of the well-known banking-house
of Lee, Higginson and Co. — Another son, Francis
L, b. in Boston, i0 Dec, 1823 ; d. near Lake Cham-
plain, 2 Sept., 1886, was graduated at Harvard in
1843, and in the civil war was colonel of the 44th
Massachusetts regiment.
LEMMENS, John Nicholas, R. C. bishop, b. in
Schimmert, province of Limburg, Holland, 3 June,
1850. He was educated in Holland and Belgium,
ordained to the priesthood on 29 March, 1875, and
went to labor among the Indians of Vancouver
island. He was made rector of the cathedral in
Victoria in 1882, chosen to represent the diocese of
Vancouver island at the third plenary council of
Baltimore held in 1884, and was consecrated bish-
op on 5 August, 1888.
LEMMON, John Gill, botanist, b. in Lima,
Mich., 2 June, 1832. He served three years as a
private in the 4th Michigan cavalry, participated
in the famous experiences of that regiment, was
captured, and spent six months in southern pris-
ons. He taught in California, and, engaging in
explorations on the Pacific coast, has made many
discoveries in entomology and botany. Since 1886
he has been special agent of the California agri-
cultural department in the division of forestry,
and in 1888 he was appointed its botanist. Mr.
Lemmon has discovered more than 200 botanical
species! He has published " Ferns of the Pacific "
(San Francisco, 1882) ; " Discovery of the Potato "
(1884); and "Memorial of Ainila Hudson Lem-
mon " (Oakland, Cal., 1885).— His wife. Sarah Al-
len Plummer, botanist, b. in New Gloucester, Me.,
3 Sept., 1836, was educated at the Female college of
Worcester, Mass., served as a hospital nurse during
the civil war, and then studied at Cooper Union,
New York city. In 1869 she removed to California,
and in 1880, having married Mr. Lemmon, began
the study of botany, in which she has made several
discoveries. She has also painted in water-colors
much of the flora of the Pacific slope, and her col-
lection of more than eighty field sketches of flowers
took the first premium at the World's exposition in
New Orleans in 1884-'5. On her discovery of a
new genus of plants in 1882, Dr. Asa Gray named
it Plummera floribunda. Mrs. Lemmon is the
author of the papers on "The Ferns of the Pacific
Slope" (1882); " Silk-Culture in California" (1884);
and " Marine Botany " (1886).
LEONARD, Abiel, P. E. bishop, b. in Fayette. Mo., 26 June, 1848. He is a son of Judge Abiel Leonard, and great-grandson of Rev. Abiel Leonard, who was chaplain in 1776 to Gen. George Washington. In 1870 he was graduated at Dartmouth, and in 1873 from the General theological seminary. His entire ministry has been in the west. He was rector of Calvary church in Sedalia, Mo., for three years, and then of Trinity church in Hannibal, Mo., for four years. In 1881 he was called
