Rev. Joel Hawes, D. D. She taught in a district school at the age of thirteen. She married Daniel Holmes, a lawyer, and, after their marriage, they settled in Versailles, Ky. Her first novel, "Tempest and Sunshine" (New York, 1854), pic- tured southern society. This was followed by "The English Orphans" (1855). These were received with moderate favor as the first efforts of a young writer, but grew in popularity. She has published (1887) twenty-eight novels and collections of stories. With the possible exception of Mrs. Harriet B. Stowe, no female author of America has received so large profits from her copyrights. Some of her books attained a sale of 50,000 copies. Her stories treat of domestic life, and, without having an avowedly moral purpose, are pure in tone and free from sensational incidents. Mrs. Holmes ultimately made Brockport, N. Y., her residence. Many of her stories, before being issued in book-form, appeared as serials in the New York "Weekly." She has published, besides the volumes already mentioned, "The Homestead on the Hillside, and other Tales" (Auburn, 1855): "Lena Rivers" (1856); "Meadow Brook" (New York, 1857); "Dora Deane, or the East India Uncle," and " Maggie Miller, or Hagar's Secret" (1858); "Cousin Maude" and "Rosamond" (1860); "Marian Grev" (1863); "Hugh Worthington" (1863) ; " Darkness and Davlight" (1864) ; " The Cameron Pride, or Purified by Suffering" (1867); "The Christmas Font," a story for young folks (1868): "Rose Mather, a Tale of the War" (1868); " Ethelvn's Mistake" (1869); "Millbank" (1871); "Edna Browning" (1872); "West Lawn, and the Rector of St. Mark's" (1874); "Mildred" (1877); "Daisv Thornton" (1878); "Forest House" (1879); " Chateau d'Or " (1880); "Red Bird" (1880); "Madeline" (1881); "Queenie Hatherton" (1883); "Christmas Stories" (1884); "Bessie's Fortune" (1885); and "Gretchen" (1887).
HOLMES, Nathaniel, author, b. in Peterboro,
N. H., 2 July, 1814. He was graduated at Harvard in 1837, studied in the Harvard law-school, was admitted to the bar in Boston, Mass., in 1839,
id began practice in St. Louis. He was circuit attorney for that city in 1846, and one of the judges of the supreme court of Missouri in 1865-'8. From
1868 till 1872 he filled the Royall professorship of law in Harvard. From 1857 to 1883 he was corsponding secretary and one of the editors of the
"Transactions" of the Academy of science of St. Louis. In 1883 he retired from business and returned to Cambridge, Mass. He is the author of
work on " The Authorship of Shakespeare," in which he strongly advocates the theory that Francis Bacon was the author of the Shakespearian dramas
(New York, 1866 : enlarged ed., Boston, 1886).
HOLMES, William Henry, geologist, b. in Harrison county, Ohio, 1 Dec, 1846. He was graduated at the McNeely normal college in 1870, after which, for two years, he was engaged in teaching in normal schools. In 1872 he was appointed assistant on the U. S. geological survey, and spent eight years in field-Work and explorations in the Rocky mountain region under Dr. Ferdinand V. Hayden, and later under Maj. John W. Powell. Subsequently he spent a year abroad in travel and study, and in 1882 visited Mexico in pursuit of archaeological knowledge. In 1881, when the survey was established on its present basis, he was made geologist in charge of the division of illustrations. In this capacity he has acquired considerable reputation as a painter in water-colors, and has furnished numerous illustrations and panoramas of the scenery of the far west that have been used in the reports of the geological survey. Mr. Holmes has edited Hayden's "Atlas of Colorado," that of the " Yellowstone Country," the 11th and
12th annual reports of the geological survey, and other geological publications : and he has contributed geological reports for Hayden's annual
reports of 1874-'6 and 1878, and numerous papers on aboriginal American art and archaeology to the Smithsonian institution, which have been published
in the annual reports of the bureau of ethnology.
HOLST, Hermann Eduard von, historian, b. in
Fellin, Livonia, 19 June, 1841. He studied history
in the universities of Dorpat and Heidelberg, and
was made doctor at the latter in 1865. In 1866 he
settled in St. Petersburg, but in consequence of a
pamphlet on an attempt on the life of the emperor,
which he published at Leipsic while travelling
abroad, his return to Russia was forbidden. He
decided to emigrate to the United States in July
of the same year, and settled in New York, where,
in the autumn of 1869, he became assistant editor,
under Alexander J. Schem, of the “Deutsch-Amerikanisches
Conversations-Lexicon.” His German
work on “Louis XIV.” appeared in Leipsic soon
after he arrived in the United States. He
subsequently became a contributor to several American
journals. He was called to a professorship of
history in Strasburg university in 1872, and in 1874
was given the chair of modern history at Freiburg.
Afterward he revisited the United States, and
lectured at Johns Hopkins university. His principal
work is “Verfassung und Demokratie der
vereinigten Staaten von Amerika,” the first volume of
which appeared in Berlin and Düsseldorf in 1873,
and the second in 1878; translated by J. J. Lalor
and A. B. Mason under the title “The Constitutional
and Political History of the United States,
1750-1833” (5 vols., Chicago. 1876-'85). He is also
the author of the life of John C. Calhoun in the
“American Statesmen” series (Boston, 1882), and
“The Constitutional Law of the United States of
America” (Chicago, 1887).
HOLSTEIN, or DUCOUDRAY-HOLSTEIN,
La Fayette Villaume, soldier, b. in Germany in
1763; d. in Albany, N. Y., 23 April, 1839. He
was a general in the French army under Napoleon,
and, after the overthrow of the latter, went
to South America, where he served under Gen.
Simon Bolivar, but, removing to the United States
afterward, settled in Albany, N. Y., where he
became a teacher of languages in the academy, and
edited “The Zodiac.” He is the author of
“Recollections of an Officer of the Empire”; “Histoire
de Bolivar,” continued by A. Viollet (Paris, 1831);
“Memoirs of Lafayette” (New York, 1824); and
“The New French Reader” (Albany, 1836).
HOLT, John, printer, b. in Williamsburg. Va., in 1721 ; d. in New York city, 30 Jan., 1784. After failing as a merchant and serving as mayor of Williamsburg, he removed to New York in 1759, and with James Parker established "The Gazette and Post Boy." In 1766 he founded the "New York Journal," " containing the freshest advices, Foreign and Domestick." The heading of this paper was ornamented with the king's arms, which were afterward discarded for the famous device of a snake cut into parts, with " Unite or Die " for a motto, and in 1775 the snake appeared joined and coiled, with the tail in his mouth, forming a double ring; within the coil was a pillar standing on Magna Charta and surmounted by the liberty-cap. In 1770 Holt established a printing-press in Norfolk, Va., which after the Declaration of Independence did good service in the patriot cause. In 1775 Lord Dunmore made Norfolk the rendezvous of
